The Phenomenon of Memory
Encoding
Storage and Retrieval
Forgetting
Memory Construction
100

Any indication that learning has persisted over time

What is memory

100
The processing of information into the memory system
What is encoding
100
Two types of sensory memory
What is iconic and echoic
100

In psychoanalytic theory, the basic defense mechanism that banishes from consciousness anxiety-arousing thoughts, feelings, and memories

What is repression

100
Incorporating miseading information into one's memory of an event
What is misinformation effect
200

A clear memory of an emotionally significant moment or event

What is flashbulb memory

200
Organizing items into familiar, manageable units; often occurs automatically
What is chunking
200

Retention independent of conscious recollection, also called procedural memory

What is implicit memory

200

These are the three ways in which memory fails us

What is forgetting, distortion, and intrusion

200
Attributing to the wrong source an event we have experienced, heard about, read about, or imagined. Also called source misattribution.
What is source amnesia
300

The immediate, very brief recording of sensory information in the memory system

What is sensory memory

300
Encoding that requires attention and conscious effort
What is effortful processing
300

Memory of facts and experiences that one can consciously know and "declare". Also called declarative memory

What is explicit memory

300

The fading of a memory over time.

What is decay

300
Effects of stress, brain circuits, and storage on memory
What is biological influences
400

A newer understanding of short term memory that involves conscious, active processing of incoming auditory and visual- spatial information, and of information retrieved from long- term memory

What is working memory

400
The three types of encoding
What is visual, acoustic, and semantic
400

The tendency to recall experiences that are consistent with one's current good or bad mood

What is mood- congruent memory

400

New memories cannot be formed or retrieved because old memories get in the way.

What is proactive interference

400
Effects of rehearsal, encoding and organizing strategies and memory construction on memory
What is psychological influences
500

Name one of the two people who developed the classic three- stage processing model of memory

What is Atkinson or Shiffrin

500

Tendency to retain information more easily if we practice it repeatedly over time than if we practice it in one long session

What is spacing effect

500

This person created the "forgetting curve". He discovered that new learning fades quickly and recommended that new learning be reviewed within the first 9 hours.

Who is Hermann Ebbinghaus
500

Old memories cannot be retrieved because new memories get in the way

What is retroactive interference

500

Psychologist who experimentally implanted false memories of childhood traumas in order to prove that memories are often constructed

What is Elizabeth Loftus

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