That rings a bell!
A type of associative learning, also referred to as Pavlovian, in which two or more stimuli are linked
what is classical conditioning
School of thought by John B. Watson and B.F. Skinner - says we learn by conditioning
What is behaviorism
Reinforcing the desired response every time it occurs
what is a continuous reinforcement
The tendency to respond to similar stimuli, or for responses learned in one situation occurring in other similar situations
What is generalization
Learning that occurs but is not apparent until there is an incentive to demonstrate it
what is latent learning
An unlearned, naturally occurring response
what is an unconditioned response
A type of learning in which a behavior is shaped if followed by a reward or a punishment
what is operant conditioning
Small successive steps taken in which to get an organism to learn a behavior is called
what is shaping
The diminishing of a CR when an US no longer follows a CS; or stops responding without reinforcement
what is extinction
A sudden realization of a problem's solution; "aha!"
what is insight
A stimulus that elicits no response before conditioning
What is a neutral stimulus
Its presentation increases behaviors through positive rewards
what is positive reinforcement
A reinforcement schedule that reinforces a response after an unpredictable number of responses and produces the highest rates of responses
what is a variable-ratio schedule
The reappearance, after a pause, of an extinguished CR
what is spontaneous recovery
A desire to perform a behavior effectively for its own sake
what is intrinsic motivation
An originally neutral stimulus that, after association with an US, comes to trigger a CR
what is a conditioned stimulus?
This increases behaviors by stopping or reducing aversive stimuli
what is negative reinforcment
This schedule can be described by paying someone every 2 weeks
What is a fixed-interval schedule
Learning to distinguish between a CS and other stimuli that do not signal a US; or learning that some responses, but not others, will be reinforced
what is discrimination
The tendency of learned behavior to gradually revert to biologically disposed patterns.
what is instinctive drift
A procedure in which the CS is paired with a new NS, creating a 2nd (often weaker) CS.
what is higher-order conditioning
An event that tends to decrease behavior by withdrawing a rewarding stimulus
what is negative punishment
A learning schedule in which acquisition of a response is delayed but resistance to extinction is enhanced
what is partial (intermittent) reinforcement
Initial stage when one links a neutral stimulus and an US; or associating a response with a consequence
what is acquisition
A mental representation of the layout of one's environment
What is a cognitive map