vocab
the persistence of learning over time through the storage and retrieval of information.
what is memory?
the processing of information into the memory system-for example, by extracting meaning.
what is encoding?
the relatively permanent and limitless storehouse of the memory system. Includes knowledge, skills, and experiences
what is long-term memory?
the retention of encoded information over time
what is storage?
the process of getting information out of memory storage
what is retrieval?
a clear memory of an emotionally significant moment or event
what is Flashbulb memory?
encoding that requires attention and conscious effort
what is Effortful processing?
the immediate, very brief recording of sensory information in the memory system
what is Sensory memory?
our tendency to recall best the last and first items in a list
what is the serial position effect?
the encoding of picture images
what is visual encoding?
the tendency for distributed study or practice to yield better long-term retention than is achieved through massed study or practice
what is the spacing effect?
unconscious encoding of incidental information, such as space, time, and frequency, and of well-learned information, such as word meanings
what is Automatic processing?
photographic memory, the ability to recall images, sounds, or objects in memory with extreme precision.
what is Eidetic memory?
the conscious repetition of information, either to maintain it in consciousness or to encode it for storage
what is Rehearsal?
the process of repeatedly verbalizing or thinking about a piece of information. Increases time info can stay in short term memory
what is Maintenance rehearsal?
a memory technique that involves thinking about the meaning of the term to be remembered, as opposed to simply repeating the word to yourself over and over.
what is Elaborative rehearsal?
mental pictures; a powerful aid to effortful processing, especially when combined with the semantic encoding
what is imagery?
activated memory that holds a few items briefly, such as the seven digits of a phone number while dialing, before the information is stored or forgotten
what is short-term memory?
organizing items into familiar, manageable units; often occurs automatically
what is chunking?
a momentary sensory memory of visual stimuli; a photographic or picture-image memory lasting no more than a few tenths of a second
what is iconic memory?
in psychoanalytic theory, the basic defense mechanism that banishes from consciousness anxiety-arousing thoughts, feelings, and memories
what is repression?
an increase in a synapse's firing potential after brief, rapid stimulation. Believed to be a neural basis for learning and memory
what is Long-term potentiation (LTP?
a newer understanding of short-term memory that focuses on conscious, active processing of incoming auditory and visual-spatial information, and of information retrieved from long-term memory
what is working memory?
a momentary sensory memory of auditory stimuli; if attention is elsewhere, sounds and words can still be recalled within 3 or 4 seconds
what is Echoic memory?
incorporating misleading information into one's memory of an event
what is Misinformation effect?