Quiz
Where does transcription take place inside the eukaryotic cell?
in the nucleus
three-dimensional form of a folded protein
tertiary structure
all tRNA must have anticodon but what tRNA has the appropriate amino acid attached?
charged tRNA
calculate gametes for:
AaBbDdeeFf
n=4. 2^4=16
AAAA AAAA
BBBB bbbb
DDdd DDdd eeee eeee
FfFf FfFf
aaaa aaaa
BBBB bbbb
DDdd DDdd eeee eeee
FfFf FfFf
initiation codon in specific context
AUG
What is the purpose of translation in genetics?
protein synthesis, turn mRNA into proteins amino acids with tRNA
Purines/Pyrimidines (what nt and how many rings)
Purine-2 rings, -adenine, guanine
pyrimidine-1 ring, -cytosine, uracil, thymine
a short DNA fragment that can be synthesized by a machine
oligonucleotide
when two loci recombine in less than 50% of gametes
Linkage
UAA, UGA, or UAG
nonsense codon
What is the Central DOGMA
DNA>RNA>protein, flow of genetic information
circular DNA that can be exchanged between bacteria
plasmid
RT-PCR ...
bonus 100pts= what is RT (what happens/process)
reverse transcriptase - polymerase chain reaction
RT= copying RNA into DNA
8 Gentoypes, 3 genes
order F2 Genotype and observed from greteast>least
Then label what rows
--Parental. DO 500 NEXT!!!
--SCO1
--SCO2
--DCO
using the information encoded in the nucleotide sequence of an mRNA molecule to specify the amino acid sequence of a polypeptide molecule
translation
chromosome has genes A,B, C. If the m.u. between A&B=23 and between B&C=60. what is the m.u. between A&C?
83
karyotype
micrograph array- of ALL chromosomes in a given cell
this map of chromosomes often has gene markers
RNA splicing
removing base sequences corresponding to introns from the primary transcript
ONLY AFTER 300!!!
What is the gene order
Parental = ABC and abc
DCO = abC ABc
(or what is the middle gene)
A___C___B
or
B___C___A
-the DNA strand with the same base sequence as the primary transcript?
-Bonus : the DNA strand complementary to the primary transcript
-RNA-like strand
-template strand
Difference between alleles, genes, and chromosomes.
Alleles- are different or alternate genes. (one from each parent)
Genes- are hereditary segments of chromosomes that code for specific functions.
Chromosome- made up of genes (alleles of genes)-inside nucleus, condensed from chromatin in interphase
Draw one basepair of your DNA structure
(1 phosphate group, 1 deoxyribose sugar, 1 nucleotide base,
4 bonds: 2-phosph, 2-deoxy, 2-nt)
Draw on whiteboard
List the steps of PCR
denaturation, annealing, DNA synthesis, extension, and REPEAT
Explain difference between Centrosome, Centromere, and Chiasma
Bonus 100pts= what is a syncytium?
Bonus 100pts= what is a kinetechore?
centrosome-microtubule organizing centers at the spindle poles
centromere- site of the closest connection between sister chromatids
chiasma-structure formed at spot where crossing-over occurs between homologs
syncytium-animal cell containing more than one nucleus
kinetochore-a complex of proteins associated with the centromere of a chromosome during cell division, to which the microtubules of the spindle attach.
Operon structure
draw and explain
upstream. 1.promoter, 2.regulator gene,...3.active protein binding site, 4.promoter, 5.operator, 6.structural genes: gene1, gene2, gene3
downstream