General
HGT is a cause of concern for many healthcare providers because of the potential to spread these.
What is ARG?(antimicrobial resistance genes)
The organization that gathered samples for the project.
What is the Global Microbiome Conservancy
(really cool multi-continental organization!)
There are about a million individual bacteria in your gut.
FALSE, most estimates are over 10 trillion!
Infants born by c-section may have higher rates of this chronic lung disease due to changes in microbiota
What is asthma
These enzymes are involved in the breakdown/assembly of complex carbohydrates and are critical to breaking down your food!
(pg. 2062)
What is CAZyme?
(The researchers find that CAZymes are found more in bacteria in non-industrialized countries that eat more fiber and hard-to-digest foods!)
Adding new genes through HGT more often than not increases the total size of the genome
What is FALSE
Gene gains correlates with gene loss as well! The total proteome size tends to stay the same.
A difference of one nucleotide when comparing two homologous genes.
What is an SNP?
These factors are thought to contribute to microbiome changes in industrialized nations.
What is
sanitation
processed food,
C-sections,
antibiotics?
Industrialized societies are associated with more microbial diversity.
What is FALSE.
The phenomena that explains why the bacteria that a newborn is exposed to may effect their future microbiome
what is priority effects?
A high-effort technique that can distinguish differences between all genes in a bacteria, as in the paper.
What is whole-genome sequencing.
Gram negative bacteria seem to engage in more HGT.
TRUE! (Figure 5).
These DNA elements are propagated highly through HGT but aren't always beneficial to their organisms.
What is selfish DNA
or toxin-antitoxin systems?
These types of bacteria may both be present in inflamed conditions and be especially prone to HGT. (pg. 2062).
What are oxygen-tolerant and pathogen species?
The researchers believe the conditions of industrialized environments cause inflammation, which may in turn provide a good environment for HGT-prone bacteria.
Microbiome and microbiota are synonyms.
What is FALSE. Microbiome is the genes, biota is the organisms themselves!