Structures
What structure(s) supply the brain stem?
Vertebral artery (and its branches)
Basilar artery (and its branches)
UMN causes flexion in upper limbs and extension in lower limbs
Circumduction gait
Name 2 similarities and 1 difference between symptoms of:
Normal pressure hydrocephalus and Parkinson's disease
Similarities: Cognitive impairment, Gait disturbances
Differences: Anything else
How many cardinal symptoms of parkinson's disease are there?
Name them (with appropriate medical terminology)
4
Resting Tremor, Rigidity, bradykinesia, postural instability
Name the structures (in the brain) that hold the thalamus in a tonic inhibition.
Are these structures activated in the resting state of this system?
Globus Pallidus (interna) and Substantia Nigra
Yes
The effect of a posterior cerebral artery occlusion on a student's performance on an MST
Contralateral homonymous hemianopia
Memory disturbances
Name 1 similarity and 1 difference between an
UMN lesion and a basal ganglia lesion
Similarity: No muscle atrophy, affects contralateral side
Difference: BG - no paralysis nor weakness
Determine the number of locations where a lesion can cause hemiplegia sparing face
Motor cortex without face cortical region involved
Damage inferior to CNVII fibers but above pyramidal decussation
Damage after decussation
What structure would an aneurysm causing diplopia, dilated pupil, inability to adduct left eye be located in? (Only the most likely location will be correct)
Bifurcation of basilar artery
The effect of Dopamine on D2 receptor
Inhibits the indirect pathway which has a role in initiating movement through removing/inhibiting the Thalamus role in tonic inhibition of movement.
D2 alone does not initiate movement???
Name 2 similarities and 2 differences between the:
Premotor cortex and Supplementary cortex
Same: Planning of movements, project to PMC, roles in making complex, joint movements, lesions can cause movement dysfunction, within brodmann area 6
Diff: PMC - externally initiated and guided movements with sensory associations
SMA - Bilateral, internally generated sequences of movements, habitual sequences
How many structures does a signal carrying voluntary muscle contraction pass through?