Ethical Foundations
This principle emphasizes showing respect for individuals as autonomous agents.
Respect for persons
When a test consistently produces the same results across time, it demonstrates this.
Assigning participants to groups by chance is called this
Randomization
Every member of the population has an equal chance of selection.
Simple random sampling
This federal report (1979) established the ethical principles of respect, beneficence, and justice.
Belmont report
The degree to which a test actually measures what it claims to measure.
Validity
In this design, participants are not randomly assigned to groups but groups are still compared.
Quasi-experimental design
In this technique, the population is divided into subgroups and random samples are taken from each
Stratified random sampling
Research proposals at universities must be reviewed by this entity.
Institutional Review Board (IRB)
A measure that correlates strongly with similar constructs but not with unrelated measures shows this.
Convergent and discriminant validity
In this design, participants are randomized to different experimental conditions to eliminate other explanations.
Randomized control trial (RCT)
When naturally occurring groups are randomly chosen and all individuals in those groups are studied
Cluster sampling
Deception in research is not fully prohibited, but requires researchers to do this afterward.
Debrief particpants
A study that is in this type of validity can be generalized to other populations or settings
External validity
A design in which different participants are assigned to different conditions, with each participant experiencing only one condition.
Between subjects design
Convenience sampling
According to APA guidelines, investigators must ensure participants understand they can do this at any time.
Withdraw from the study
This type of reliability is concerned with consistencies across observers.
Interrater reliability
These three things are needed to establish causality
1. Covariation
2. Temporal precedence
3. Elimination of alternative explanations
A research is interested in a hard-to-reach population, like individuals with a rare disease, might rely on this referral-based technique.
Snowball sampling