Random Bio
What is the basic unit of life?
Cells
What is the fastest healing part of the body?
The tongue
What is the monomer of a nucleic acid? What are the three parts of this monomer?
Nucleotide - nitrogenous base, phosphate, sugar
Why is the cell membrane described as "selectively permeable"?
It allows certain materials to pass through while keeping others out.
Which organelle is known as the "powerhouse of the cell" because it produces energy (ATP) for the cell?
Mitochondria
Name all the Kingdoms
Animalia
Plantae
Protista
Fungi
Monera
TRUE or FALSE. All mammals have the same skeleton structure.
True
What is the longest phase of the cell cycle?
Interphase
How do carrier and channel proteins assist in facilitated diffusion?
Both support passive transport by providing a hydrophilic pathway across the hydrophobic cell membrane allowing certain polar or large molecules and ions to move down their concentration gradient without using energy.
What is the main functional difference between free ribosomes and rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-attached ribosomes.
Free ribosomes synthesize proteins used primarily inside the cytoplasm for internal cell use. Ribosomes attached to the rough ER synthesize proteins that are destined for export out of the cell, for use in cell membranes, or for incorporation into lysosomes.
Which organ in the body is capable of natural regeneration?
The liver
Name the cells that make up majority of the human body.
Microbial (Bacterial, viral and fungal) - 56% in total
What is the difference between mitosis and meiosis? Give AT LEAST 3 differences.
Mitosis - 1 cell division, daughter cells are identical, daughter cells have the same number of chromosomes as parents, no crossing over, somatic cells,
Meiosis - 2 cell divisions, daughter cells are unique, half as many chromosomes as parents, crossing over, gametes (sperm and egg)
A cell is placed in a solution, and over time, the cell swells and bursts. What type of solution was the cell placed in?
Hypotonic solution.
A hypotonic solution has a lower solute concentration (and higher water concentration) than the inside of the cell. Water moves into the cell by osmosis, causing it to swell and potentially burst.
What features is unique to the ultrastructure of a prokaryotic cell rather than a eukaryotic cell?
Single, circular naked DNA molecule in a nucleoid region
What are the 2 levels of classification that make up the scientific name of organisms
Genus, specie
How many senses do humans have?
21
What is the main difference between mitosis and cytokinesis?
Mitosis divides the nucleus and genetic material while cytokinesis divides the cytoplasm and the rest of the cell to form two separate cells.
How does facilitated diffusion differ from simple diffusion?
Facilitated diffusion relies on specific helper proteins embedded in the membrane.
Explain how the ultrastructure of a chloroplast is adapted to its function in photosynthesis.
The chloroplast contains flattened membrane sacs called thylakoids, which maximize the surface area for light absorption and the light-dependent reactions. The fluid stroma contains necessary enzymes (like Rubisco) and a high concentration of substrates for the Calvin cycle (light-independent reactions).
What is an enzyme? What do most enzyme names end in?
A protein that speeds up chemical reactions. They end in -ose.
Name 3 organisms other than plants that use photosynthesis.
Algae
Cyanobacteria
Sea slugs
Why do cells need to divide rather than just growing larger and larger?
Inefficiency - DNA cannot meet the demands of a large volumed cell, moving nutrients in and waste out becomes too inefficient.
Define osmosis in terms of water potential or solute concentration gradients.
Osmosis is the net passive movement of water molecules from a region of higher water potential (lower solute concentration) to a region of lower water potential (higher solute concentration) across a selectively permeable membrane.
Explain the endosymbiotic theory for the origin of mitochondria and chloroplasts.
Both mitochondria and chloroplasts share several ultrastructural features with prokaryotes: