Carbohydrates
What is the primary function of carbohydrates?
To provide a short-term source of energy for cells.
What do we call the monomers of proteins?
Amino acids.
What are the hydrophobic molecules of lipids classified as?
Fats and Oils.
What are Nucleic Acids classified into?
DNA and RNA.
What are biological catalysts?
They speed up chemical reactions by lowering activation energy.
State the composition of carbohydrates.
What are carbohydrates composed of?
Carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.
What are the functions of proteins?
- Forms enzymes
- Structural support
- Immune response
What is the basic function of lipids?
Long-term energy storage.
What is their basic function?
To store and transmit genetic info.
What is the active site of an enzyme?
Region of an enzyme that a substrate binds to.
What do we call the monomers of carbohydrates?
Monosaccharides.
What is an example of proteins being involved in transporting molecules in the blood?
Hemoglobin transports oxygen in the blood.
What is the structure of Lipids?
One glycerol molecule chemically bonded to 3 fatty acids.
What are their monomers?
Nucleotides.
List 3 factors affecting enzyme activity?
- Temperature
-PH
-Substrate concentration
How does glucose provide energy to cells?
Glucose is broken down in cellular respiration to produce ATP (usable energy).
How does the sequence of amino acids affect the protein structure and function?
It determines how the protein folds, which is crucial to its function.
How do lipids differ from carbohydrates in terms of energy storage?
Lipids store energy long-term, and provides much more energy compared to carbohydrates (as lipids are more energy-dense).
What does DNA stand for?
Deoxyribonucleic Acid.
What happens to an enzyme when the temperature is too high? (Hint: One key word)
It denatures.
How is the structure of simple sugars different from complex carbohydrates?
Simple sugars are single molecules (monosaccharides) or two sugar molecules (disaccharides), whereas complex carbohydrates are long chains of sugar (polysaccharides) that can provide sustained energy.
What are the 3 levels of protein structure - and how are they arranged?
- Primary: Amino Acid Sequence.
- Secondary: Folding.
- Tertiary: 3D Shape (Multiple polypeptides forming a complex).
Why are phospholipids important for cells?
The lipid bilayer is made of phospholipids, creating a barrier that controls the cell.
What is the difference in structure between DNA and RNA?
DNA is double stranded, while RNA is single stranded.
Why can enzymes be reused?
They are biological catalysts, so they speed up reactions without being used up.