Basic Chemistry
What are the three physical states in which matter is found on Earth?
What are solid, liquid, and gas?
This scale measures how acidic or basic a solution is.
What is the pH scale?
This element is the backbone of all organic molecules.
What is carbon?
These are the simplest form of carbohydrates and cannot be broken down into smaller sugars.
What are monosaccharides?
These are the two types of nucleic acids.
What are DNA and RNA?
This is the smallest unit of matter that retains the properties of an element.
What is an atom?
A substance with a pH of 7 is considered to be this.
What is neutral?
This simple organic compound consists of one carbon atom and four hydrogen atoms.
What is methane?
This is the main monosaccharide used as fuel in cellular work
What is glucose?
This type of bond forms between the sugar of one nucleotide and the phosphate of the next.
Answer: What is a covalent bond?
What are the three subatomic particles that make up an atom?
What are protons, neutrons, and electrons?
A compound that donates H+ ions to a solution is called this.
What is an acid?
This process is the opposite of a dehydration reaction, breaking polymers by adding water.
What is hydrolysis?
This disaccharide is the main carbohydrate found in plant sap.
What is sucrose?
The sugar in RNA is this, which differs from the sugar in DNA.
Answer: What is ribose?
This number is the sum of protons and neutrons in an atom.
What is the mass number?
A compound that takes away H+ ions to a solution is called this.
What is a base?
This type of reaction links two monomers together and removes a molecule of water.
What is a dehydration reaction?
Proteins are made of these monomers, linked by peptide bonds.
Answer: What are amino acids?
This nitrogenous base in DNA pairs with thymine.
Answer: What is adenine?
These substances consist of two or more elements in a fixed ratio, such as H2O or NaCl.
What are compounds?
Seawater becomes more acidic when this gas dissolves in it, contributing to ocean acidification.
What is Carbon Dioxide?
These groups of atoms are directly involved in chemical reactions in organic compounds.
What are functional groups?
This steroid is a key component of cell membranes and the base for producing hormones like estrogen and testosterone.
Answer: What is cholesterol?
This base in RNA replaces thymine, which is found in DNA.
Answer: What is uracil?