DNA 101
One unit consists of a ribose sugar, phosphate and base
What is a nucleotide?
Site of protein synthesis
What are ribosomes
RNA types involved in protein synthesis (full names)
What are messenger RNA and transfer RNA?
mRNA and tRNA
Occurs as a result of mutations, crossing over, independent assortment, random segregation, fertilisation.
What are variations?
The basic three-nucleotide unit (sequence) of the genetic code
What are codons?
Coding segments of eukaryotic DNA
What are Exons?
A segment of DNA on a chomosome that codes for specific trait
What is a gene?
Formed during translation
What is a polypeptide?
Small rings of DNA found naturally in some bacterial cells in addition to the main bacterial chromosome.
What are Plasmids?
AUG (Met)
What is the starting codon?
Unspecialized cells that are able to renew themselves for long periods of time by cell division.
Waht are Stem Cells?
Different versions of a gene.
What are alleles?
Specific region of a gene where RNA polymerase can bind and begin transcription.
What is the Promoter region?
An error in DNA replication. A point mutation in a segment of DNA that occurs in more than 1% of the population.
What is a Single Nucleotide Polymorphism? (SNPs)
The four bases
What are Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine and Guanine?
The joining of 2 or more tertiary subunits
What are Quartenary protein structures?
A specific place along the length of a chromosome where a given gene is located.
What is a Locus?
The strand of DNA that is not used for transcription and is identical in sequence to mRNA, except it contains uracil instead of thymine.
What is the Coding Strand?
The study of environmental influences on gene expression that occur without a DNA change.
What is Epigenetics?
UGA, UAA, and UAG
What are the Stop codons?
Enzyme similar to DNA polymerase that binds to DNA and separates the DNA strands during transcription
What is RNA polymerase?
Long chains of amino acids joined together by peptide bonds
What are polypeptide chains?
Collection of proteins that mediate the binding of RNA polymerase and the initiation of transcription.
WHat are Transcription Factors?
What is a substitution mutation?
This type of mutation replaces on enucleotide with another.
What is Adenine?
This base pair always pairs with Thymine in DNA.