Enzymes
Proteins
Carbohydrates
Lipids
Other Things You Need to Know
100
An enzyme that thrives at a slightly acidic pH would function best at which of the following levels?
A. 3
B. 6
C. 8
D. 10
B
100
The shape of a protein is important because if the pH or temperature becomes too low or high, the protein will become _________ and lose its ability to function.
denatured
100
List the monomer for carbohydrates and provide one example of them.
simple sugars, glucose or something else.
100
On a structural level- a lipid is composed of one _______ and two/three ________ ____ ____.
glycerol, fatty acid tails.
100
How many of the following would be considered organic compounds? Specify which ones.
A. CH4
B. KCl
C. C6H12O6
D. H2O
E. NH3
Two, A and C.
200
1. At what temperature do these enzymes have equal activity?
2. Which enzyme most likely works in the stomach?
1. 21 degrees celsius
2. greenase
200
A child is diagnosed with a condition where their body is not properly producing proteins. Which of the following may be symptoms? (potential multiple answers)
A. lack of insulation to internal organs
B. lack of antibody production
C. lack of cellulose in cell wall
D. less digestive enzyme production
B, D
200
Sucrose, more commonly known as _____ ______, is a ___________ meaning two simple sugars linked together.
table sugar, disaccharide.
200
What is the difference between a saturated and an unsaturated fat?
unsaturated fats contain a carbon-carbon double bond. Saturated fats contain all single bonds between carbon atoms.
200
Nucleic acids are the only macromolecule that contain this element.
Phosphorus
300
Enzymes are highly specific catalysts, meaning they ____ __ reactions by lowering the _________ _______.
speed up, activation energy.
300
The type of amino acid is based on the shape/formation of what group?
The R Group
300
Carbohydrates contain the elements ____, _____, and _____ in a _:_: _ ration.
carbon, hydrogen, oxygen. 1:2:1.
300
Lipids are __________ (polar/nonpolar) making them ____________ (soluble/not soluble) in water.
nonpolar, not soluble.
300
List the monomer for nucleic acids, an example of a nucleic acid polymer, and the function of nucleic acids.
nucleotides, DNA/RNA, encodes genetic information.
400
Create a simple illustration using a graph that shows how enzymes speed up reactions.
Anything showing an enzyme lowering the activation energy.
400
Proteins and nucleic acids are similar because the share the elements _______, ______, ______, and ______. Proteins and carbohydrates are similar because they can both be used for ________.
carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen-structure/support.
400
In a process called glycogenesis- ________ (an energy storage for animals) is broken down into ______ so it is usable for energy. This is an example of a _______ (long chain) being broken down into its __________ (individual unit).
glycogen, glucose, polymer, monomer.
400
Explain why saturated fats are less healthy in terms of diet than unsaturated fats.
Saturated fats are solid at room temperature.
400
What are the things called that go into a chemical reaction and what are the things called that come out?
reactants, products.
500
Label each of the following letters and describe what is happening in each step.
A: active site
B:enzyme
C: substrate
D: enzyme-substrate complex
E: products
500
What are the three groups that make up the structure of an amino acid?
amino group, R group, carboxyl group.
500
Glycogen, starch, and cellulose are three important carbohydrate polymers. Explain each of their functions in living things.
Glycogen: energy storage in animals
Starch: energy storage in plants
Cellulose: structural support in the plant cell wall
500
Waxes, phospholipids, and triglycerides are three important classes of lipids? Explain the function of each in living things.
Waxes: water resistant outer covering
Phospholipids: formation of the cell membrane
Triglycerides: human body
500
Explain the difference between hydrolysis reactions and dehydration synthesis reactions and explain how they occur.
Hydrolysis breaks apart polymers into monomers, dehydration synthesis links monomers together into a polymer.