Types of Bonds
What type of bond exists between an atom of carbon (EN: 2.5) and an atom of oxygen (EN: 3.5)?
Polar covalent bond.
What are the forces that create chemical bonds?
Interactions between electrons and nuclei.
Draw the Lewis structure for CO₂.
O=C=O
What type of intermolecular force keeps water's boiling point high?
Hydrogen bonds.
Using the Lewis structure, determine whether each of the following molecules is polar or nonpolar.
H2O
Bent; polar
Describe the bond formed by an element with an electronegativity of 0.9 bonding with an element with an electronegativity of 3.0.
Ionic bond formed between a metal and a nonmetal.
Describe the melting point of an ionic compounds.
Ionic compounds typically have high melting points.
Draw the Lewis structure for NH₃.
H-N-H with a lone pair on N.
Rank the strength of intermolecular forces in order from strongest to weakest.
1) Hydrogen bonds, 2) Dipole-dipole interactions, 3) London dispersion forces.
Using the Lewis structure, determine whether each of the following molecules is polar or nonpolar.
I2
Linear; nonpolar
Which substance contains a nonpolar covalent bond?
a. N2
b. NaCl
c. H2O
d. HCl
A. N2
What happens to stability when atoms bond?
Stability increases when atoms bond.
What is the molecular geometry of SCl₂?
Bent.
What distinguishes hydrogen bonds from regular dipole-dipole forces?
Hydrogen bonds are stronger and occur between hydrogen and electronegative atoms like N, O, or F.
Using the Lewis structure, determine whether each of the following molecules is polar or nonpolar.
CO2
Linear; nonpolar
What happens to the energy level of two bonded atoms when separated?
Potential energy increases and stability decreases.
Which bond is formed when valence electrons are shared?
Covalent bond.
Identify the Lewis structure for CaO.
[Ca]+2 [:O:]2-
Describe intermolecular forces vs. intramolecular forces.
Intramolecular forces are within molecules (stronger), while intermolecular forces are between molecules.
Using the Lewis structure, determine whether each of the following molecules is polar or nonpolar.
CF4
Tetrahedral; nonpolar
Describe metallic bonds.
Sea of electrons and free-floating valence electrons attracted to their positively charged metal ions.
How does the strength of hydrogen bonds affect boiling point?
Strong hydrogen bonds lead to higher boiling points compared to other molecular compounds.
What is the Lewis Dot Notation for Ne?
Ne with eight dots around it.
What's going on with the intermolecular forces as temperature rises in water?
Using the Lewis structure, determine whether each of the following molecules is polar or nonpolar.
NH3
Trigonal pyramidal; polar