GYMNOSPERMS
The process of bringing the sperm
to the egg
Pollination
What type of organism is believed to have given rise to chloroplasts?
Photosynthetic cyanobacterium
What is the mode of nutrition, cell wall component, and storage carbohydrate of Fungi?
Heterotrophic, chitin, glycogen
The androecium is made up of these funky little structures.
Stamens
Bananas and tomatoes are this type of fruit
Berry
The gymnosperm phylum in which all taxa have opposite phyllotaxis
Gnetophyta
The simultaneous evolution of two populations that have a strong selective force on one another.
Coevolution
What are the fruiting bodies of Ascomycetes called? What are the three subtypes (based on shape)?
Ascocarps. apothecium (cup-shaped), perithecium (flask-shaped), and cleistothecium (closed, spherical)
The lower parts of sepals + petals + stamens all fused together and fused to the ovary.
Hypanthium
Simple fleshy fruit with spongy pericarp covered by a thin leathery rind of exocarp
Hesperidium
Word describing plants with individual
sporophytes that are either male, producing only pollen, or female producing only ovules/seeds).
Dioecious
What are two pieces of evidence supporting the endosymbiotic theory?
Mitochondria and chloroplasts have their own DNA. Double membranes suggest phagocytosis. Both organelles replicate independently through binary fission
Why are there 8 spores contained
within an ascus?
meiosis followed by mitosis
The Difference between an ovule and an ovary
Ovules develop into seeds, the ovary holds ovules.
fruit developed from a flower with apocarpous gynoecium; the units that make up an
aggregate fruit, each corresponding to one of the carpels of the flower, are called fruitlets
aggregate fruit
The Three living genera of Gnetophyta
Ephedra, Welwitschia, Gnetum
The artificial group for strictly asexual fungi that reproduce by conidia
deuteromycetes
Which of the 3 fungi phyla covered in class have septate hyphae.
Basidiomycota and ascomycota
Has one megaspore, and is known as a megasporangium.
Ovule
What is the practical function of fruits
Protect the seed
In a pine ovule at the fertilization stage, the tissues around the megagametophyte are the *BLANK* (nucellus) and the*BLANK*
Megagametophyte and integument
In a mushroom, the basidiospore is borne on a structure called a __________, which bares the basidiospores on horn-like structures called ____________.
Basidium, Sterigma
In what order do meiosis, plasmogamy, and karyogamy occur in fungi? Briefly define plasmogamy.
Plasmogamy=fusion of two haploid hyphae of different mating types.
Plasmogamy->Karyogamy->Meiosis
Name all 7 cells found in an angiosperm ovule.
3 Antipodals, 2 Synergids, 1 Central Cell, 1 Egg cell
The ovary wall develops into THIS layer in fruit. (It starts with a P)
Pericarp
Why are gymnosperms considered evolutionary precursors to angiosperms?
They were among the first plants to evolve seed
Which process in modern eukaryotic cells provides a hint about how endosymbiosis may have occurred?
phagocytosis
What is the name of the asexual spores produced by Ascomycota?
Conidia
What are the products of double fertilization?
First Fertilization: diploid zygote that develops into the embryo.
Second Fertilization: triploid endosperm
Name all parts of the mature embryo
Hypocotyl, epicotyl, cotyledons, radicle, root cap