Choking & Breathing
What should you do first if someone starts choking and can still cough
Encourage them to keep coughing.
What does F.A.S.T. stand for when recognizing a stroke?
Face, Arms, Speech, Time
What law protects people who give first aid in Nova Scotia?
The Good Samaritan Act and Volunteer Services Law of Nova Scotia
What are the three steps of the Rescue Process?
Recognize, Assess, Act.
What number do you call in Canada for EMS?
911
What breathing disorder causes airway spasms and increased mucus, often triggered by allergies or stress?
Asthma
What is the main difference between a heart attack and angina? (medically)
Heart attack = blood vessel blocked; Angina = temporary reduced blood flow.
True or False: You must always get consent before giving first aid if the person is conscious.
True
What is the safest first step of the Ladder Approach?
Talk
What is the AVPU tool used for? What does it stand for?
Assessing the level of consciousness. Alert, Voice, Pain, Unresponsive
What technique should you use to calm someone who is hyperventilating?
Pursed-lip breathing
Name three symptoms of a heart attack.
Chest pain/pressure, shortness of breath, sweating, nausea, pain in arm/neck/jaw.
Name one situation where you can stop giving first aid.
A more qualified person takes over, you are exhausted, you are at risk, or EMS arrives
Why does the Ladder Approach start with the least risky method?
To protect the rescuer from unnecessary danger.
What does ASAMPLE stand for in victim history?
Are you here with anyone, Signs and symptoms, Allergies, Medication, Past medical history, Last meal, Events prior to
Name two common signs of an asthma attack.
Difficulty breathing, wheezing, anxiety
During a heart attack or stroke, what is the very first thing you should do?
Call 911.
What must you say when introducing yourself before giving first aid?
Who you are and your level of training.
Put these in order: Throw, Tow, Wade, Carry.
Throw, Wade, Tow, Carry
After leaving a scene where you gave first aid, what’s the most important thing you should always do to protect yourself from disease transmission?
Wash your hands thoroughly.
What are three signs of hyperventilation?
Lightheadedness, tingling hands/feet, rapid breathing, weakness, headache, or confusion.
hat are two treatments you can provide for someone having angina?
Help them rest/relax, loosen tight clothing, reassure them, assist with medication (if prescribed).
If a child needs help but their parent is not present, what do you do?
Provide care — consent is implied if a guardian isn’t available.
Explain the difference in risk between “Tow” and “Carry” in the Ladder Approach.
Tow = guiding the victim while keeping distance; Carry = direct physical contact, most dangerous.
What body areas should you focus on warming first for hypothermia?
Head, neck, chest, and groin.