Leadership Variables
What is the primary source of leadership ability?
A. Formal education and training
B. Learned behavior shaped by experience
C. Inherited characteristics passed through families
C. Inherited characteristics passed through families
Why is morale was more important than size, equipment, or experience?
A. Morale determines how effectively people use their resources
B. Morale eliminates the need for strategy and planning
C. Morale guarantees victory regardless of leadership
A. Morale determines how effectively people use their resources
1. Why is performance management considered central to effective leadership?
A. It replaces the need for vision and values
B. It turns leadership qualities into actual results
C. It focuses mainly on enforcing rules and discipline
B. It turns leadership qualities into actual results
What idea most strongly unites the leadership theories of Heifetz, Burns, and Greenleaf?
A. Leadership as control and authority
B. Leadership focused on efficiency and results
C. Leadership grounded in ethics, service, and moral courage
C. Leadership grounded in ethics, service, and moral courage
What best describes the primary purpose of delegation in effective leadership?
A. To reduce the leader’s workload
B. To multiply the leader’s impact by developing others
C. To ensure tasks are completed exactly the leader’s way
B. To multiply the leader’s impact by developing others
Which of the following traits is important for effective leadership?
A. Charisma
B. Need for achievement
C. Physical strength
B. Need for achievement
Studies on employee morale suggest that higher morale is most closely associated with...
A. Increased organizational commitment and stronger job performance
B. Greater competition and pressure among employees
C. Higher wages as the only motivating factor
A. Increased organizational commitment and stronger job performance
2. Which of the following is NOT one of the three core components of performance management?
A. Performance planning
B. Performance coaching
C. Performance monitoring through surveillance
C. Performance monitoring through surveillance
Which statement best defines a moral judgment?
A. A claim that can be scientifically proven
B. A judgment about beauty or taste
C. A belief about right and wrong behavior
C. A belief about right and wrong behavior
Why do many organizations fail after the original founder leaves?
A. Successors lack technical expertise
B. Market conditions usually change
C. Leaders fail to develop others by withholding authority
C. Leaders fail to develop others by withholding authority
Which leadership style is the most beneficial for group performance?
A. Autocratic
B. Democratic
C. Laissez-faire
B. Democratic
Which leadership approach do studies highlight as critical to productivity?
A. Strict scientific management and efficiency controls
B. Human relations, including recognition and management support
C. Financial incentives as the primary motivator
B. Human relations, including recognition and management support
3. According to The One Minute Manager, which leadership technique is used to correct poor performance?
A. One-minute goal setting
B. One-minute praising
C. One-minute reprimand
C. One-minute reprimand
Which distinction best separates religious ethics from secular ethics?
A. Religious ethics relies on law, while secular ethics relies on custom
B. Religious ethics grounds morality in God, while secular ethics does not
C. Secular ethics rejects moral responsibility
B. Religious ethics grounds morality in God, while secular ethics does not
Which leadership approach is more effective than intimidation?
A. Tight supervision
B. Pulling people up through delegation
C. Centralized decision making
B. Pulling people up through delegation
What does the term “initiating structure” refer to?
A. Building personal relationships with subordinates
B. Giving employees complete independence
C. Defining roles, tasks, and communication patterns
C. Defining roles, tasks, and communication patterns
According to the “rich job” model of work satisfaction, which of the following is an intrinsic factor?
A. Job security
B. Fair and adequate pay
C. Variety and challenge in tasks
C. Variety and challenge in tasks
4. Which characteristic is shared by both one-minute praising and one-minute reprimands?
A. They focus on personality traits
B. They are delayed until formal reviews
C. They are immediate and behavior-focused
C. They are immediate and behavior-focused
What best characterizes postconventional morality?
A. Obedience to authority
B. Desire for approval
C. Commitment to self-chosen moral principles
C. Commitment to self-chosen moral principles
What is a key benefit employees gain from being delegated meaningful work?
A. Reduced accountability
B. Increased dependence on the leader
C. Growth in skills, motivation, and responsibility
C. Growth in skills, motivation, and responsibility
Leadership contingency theory argues that effective leadership depends primarily on...
A. A leader’s personal traits alone
B. One universal leadership style that works everywhere
C. The interaction between the leader, followers, and the situation
C. The interaction between the leader, followers, and the situation
What is identified as the most common cause of supervisory failure in the workplace?
A. Lack of technical expertise
B. Poor human relations
C. Inadequate compensation systems
B. Poor human relations
Why should employees participate in setting performance objectives?
A. Participation helps employees understand organizational goals and their role in achieving them
B. Participation eliminates the need for supervision
C. Participation guarantees higher pay and promotion
A. Participation helps employees understand organizational goals and their role in achieving them
What role does authority play in shaping moral behavior?
A. Authority has little influence on personal ethics
B. Authority can pressure individuals to act against their moral judgment
C. Authority eliminates moral responsibility
B. Authority can pressure individuals to act against their moral judgment
What is one major risk of micromanagement?
A. Faster decision making
B. Increased creativity
C. Lower morale and reduced trust
C. Lower morale and reduced trust