Anatomy
Is composed of this many chambers
What are 4 chambers of the heart
Responsible for the efflux of 3 Sodium in exchange for 2 Potassium ions
What is the Sodium Potassium ATPase
Considered the the step when electronegatively of the membrane become more positive
What is depolarization
Responsible for the upstroke of the nodal action potential.
What is the influx of Calcium?
Second metabolite in the Glycolysis Pathway
What is Glucose-6 Phosphate?
What is the pulmonary circuit
Is required for the upstroke of the ventricular action potential
Is the depolarization phase of the ventricular action potential
What is Phase 3.
Phases absent in the nodal AP
What are Phase 1 and Phase 2?
What is norepinephrine (epinephrine) or Beta 1 drugs ?
Is required for septal and av valve formation
What is migration of neural crest into endocardial cushion.
What is the opening of voltage gated potassium channels and efflux of K+.
Responsible for the spontaneity of the Nodal Action Poteintal
Normal sinus rhythm of the heart.
Enlargement can lead to dysphagia and hoarseness of voice
Is responsible for the plateau phase seen in the ventricular action potential.
What is the influx of Ca2+ and Efflux of K+
Responsible for cardiac cellular communication and syncytium.
What are gap junctions?
What is the SA nodal potential?
Leads to inactivity of cardiac cells by blocking Na+/K+ pump on cardiac myocytes at large doses. *Hint used in poison arrows
What is Oubain?
Pulmonary stenosis, Right ventricular hypertrophy, VSD, and Overidding Aorta
What is Tetralogy of Fallot
Is responsible for contraction of smooth muscle in the heart
Phase and ion responsible for the resting potential of myocardial action potentials.
What is phase 4 and hight K+ permeability though K+ channels.
What is the less negative resting potential?
What is the damage to the Long Thoracic Nerve