According to this food web, what do bull snakes and coyotes have in common?
Both species are _________ consumers.

Both species are secondary consumers.
How much energy would be expected to be found at the secondary consumer level in this pyramid?

100 joules
There are usually only four trophic levels in an ecosystem because only a small portion of the ______ from one level is available to the next one.
energy
When constructing an energy pyramid of the swamp ecosystem, which of these would be placed at the top of the pyramid?
American alligator
What organisms are secondary consumers in this food web?

spiders, foxes, owls, hawks, and snakes, predaceous insects, insectivorous birds
According to the food web, which of these are primary consumers?
yeasts, protozoa
What is lost to the environment at each of the trophic levels of this ecosystem? ______

heat
Organisms at high trophic levels have ____ energy available to them than organisms at lower trophic levels.

less
The energy flow:
L________ energy from the sun→ ch______ energy in the grass → work and h_____ energy in the animal
chemical
As a result of a disease that suddenly reduced the population of Texas horned lizards, the populations of _____ and ________ will increase and the population of _________, ________ and _______ will decrease.

Populations of ants and grasshoppers will increase and populations of Texas cottonmouths, red-shouldered hawks and grasses will decrease.