Methods
When a surface molecule of one cell interacts with a surface molecule of another cell, this is an example of which method of cell communication
direct contact between cells
activation of an enzyme and transcription of specific genes are examples of which stage of signaling?
cellular response
Epinephrine (adrenaline) is an example of this type of molecule, with respect to cell communication
It is a ligand
This protein exchanges a GDP for GTP to power the next stage
G-Protein
Tyrosine receptor Kinases are used when ______ responses are needed
Multiple
Paracrine signaling is an example of
local (short-distance) signaling
This process begins with the receptor protein changing its shape.
transduction
Cyclic AMP is an example of this type of molecule with respect to cell signaling
second messenger
This molecule is a peptide with 7 folds spanning the intracellular and extracellular spaces
G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR)
hormonal signaling is an example of
long distance signaling
Reception
This type of molecule is responsible for adding a phosphate group to the next molecule in the signaling cascade
kinase
A GPCR system will make this secondary messenger
Ligated ion channels only open when
The ligand binds to the active site
Plant cells can directly communicate with each other through
plasmadermata
Amplification happens during this stage
transduction
This type of molecule is responsible for removing a phosphate group from a phosphorylated member of the signaling cascade.
phosphatase
Cells use complicated cell transduction pathways in order to
multiply responses to a single messenger
Ligand ion channels allow specific ions to pass through because of their change in
conformation (shape)
synaptic signaling is an example of
local signaling
The release of a ligand into the bloodstream
signaling stage
Hydrophilic signalling molecules will bind to these molecules
extracellular receptor protein
membrane-bound enzyme that is responsible for cleaving phosphate groups off of ATP in order to construct a second messenger
adenalyl cyclase
What is a kinase?
an enzyme that phosphorylates a protein molecule