OMG Organelles
This organelle that is made of phospholipids and determines what enters and exits the cell.
cell membrane?
Moving from high --> low concentration is moving with the lazy river or against it?
With the stream - things naturally want to spread out.
What kind of cells have chloroplasts and a cell wall?
Has a nucleus
Eukaryotes
Which macromolecule are enzymes? Hint: they are made of amino acids
proteins
This organelle is the control center of the cell, contains the DNA, and is only found in Eukaryote cells.
nucleus?
Osmosis is an example of active or passive transport?
c) passive transport (high --> low)
The watery jelly that fills the space inside the cell and cushions the organelles is called ______
cytoplasm
the first life forms on Earth 3.5 billion years ago
prokaryotes
In the chemical reaction O2 + 2H2 --> 2H2O what are the reactants?
O2 + 2H2
This organelle builds proteins by putting amino acids together.
ribosome (or endoplasmic reticulum with ribosomes)
Oxygen gas molecules move into the cell without the cell doing any work. Oxygen gas molecules are small and non-polar and can cross the phospholipid bilayer directly. What type of transport is used to move oxygen in and out of the cell.
Simple diffusion
Identify 2 differences and 2 similarities of plant and animal cells.
plant: cell wall, chloroplasts, large vacuole, photosynthesis
both: eukaryotes, have cell membrane, have nucleus, both cells
has ribosomes
both
This macromolecule makes up the main part of the cell membrane
lipids (phospholipids)
This organelle is made of carbohydrates and provides structure to the cell.
cytoskeleton OR cell wall.
If a cell that is 4% salt is submerged in pure water, will water move into the cell or out of the cell? Why?
Water will move into the cell because there is a lower water concentration inside the cell (96%) than outside the cell (100%) and water moves from high to low concentration
Bonus 50: is the solution hypotonic or hypertonic?
You weigh a piece of potato. You put the potato chunk into pure water overnight. When you weigh the chunk again the next morning, it has gained 5 grams. What happened? Explain what happened using your knowledge of osmosis.
Water moved into the cell (potato) because the potato had a lower concentration of water than the pure water around it. As water moved in, the potato gained weight. The solution was hypotonic compared to the cell.
Plant and animals are this type
Eukaryote
What are the 2 main functions of carbohydrates within the cell?
quick energy (glycogen and starch) and cell structure (cell wall, cytoskeleton, chitin, etc.)
This organelle packages and ships proteins and lipids to their destination which may be within the cell or a different cell.
Golgi apparatus
A plant is sitting in soil. It is currently very dry and wilted. Explain how watering the plant and osmosis work to make the plant happy again.
The water moves into the cell via osmosis (low water concentration in the cells compared to the hydrated soil)
The vacuole in the plant cell fills with water, putting pressure against the cell wall to make the plant stand up.
What happens to the concentration gradient if protein channels used in facilitated diffusion are not functional.
If protein channels are blocked, there will be a build up of molecules on one side of the cell, leading to uneven concentrations.
Daily Double: if protein channels moving water are still functional, how would this affect the movement of water in and out of the cell?
Has a flagellum, pili, and capsule
Prokaryote
An ______ reaction absorbs more energy than it releases.
Endothermic