People
Student under Wundt; Expanded on introspection; Structuralist
Edward Titchner
Classical conditioning; Taught dogs to salivate when they heard a bell ring
Pavlov's experiment
Breaks down consciousness into smallest, most basic elements (emotions, images, sensations)
Structuralism
A neurologist
Food, water, shelter, warmth
Physiological
First American Psychologist; Influenced by Charles Darwin; Functionalist
William James
Operant Conditioning; Experiment demonstrated the effects of positive and negative reinforcement
Skinner's box
Scientific study of how mental processes, behaviors, etc. help an individual to adapt
functionalism
What was popularized by Freud?
The psychoanalytic approach to treating mental health problems
Safety, employment, money
security
Neurologist; Father of professional Psychology; Psychoanalysis, unconscious mind
Sigmund Freud
Expanded on the understanding of social obedience
Milgram's Shock Experiments
Emphasis on observing and controlling behavior
Behaviorism
Part of the mind that lies outside of our awareness
Unconcious
family, friendship, romantic relationships, belonging
social
Real Father of behaviorism; interested in directly observable behavior
John Watson
Participants would examine their own conscious experience and Report on feelings, images, and sensations experienced while listening to a metronome
Introspection
Emphasis on conscious, immediate experiences & the empowerment of the individual to become the best they can be; Belief that people have free will
Humanism
What did Freud use for psychoanalysis?
Dream interpretation
self-worth, accomplishment, confidence
Esteem
Developed psychotherapeutic approach of client-centered therapy; Humanist
Theraputetic approach that relies on tapping into the unconcious to expose early childhood trauma, experiences, and true desires
psychoanalysis
Refocus on the mind and mental processes that underlie behavior (thinking, consciousness, mental functioning rather than behavior, subconscious, etc.)
Cognitivism
Three levels of conciousness
Conscious, Preconscious, and Unconscious
inner fulfillment
self-actualization