Reliability and Validity
What does it mean if a test is reliable?
It yields consistent results.
What is speed testing?
see how quickly a person can solve a large number of questions in a short amount of time
What did Robert Sternberg do?
Came up with Sternberg's triarchic theory
What did Alfred Binet do?
came up with the concept mental age (intelligence increases as one gets older)
No, identical (monozygotic) twins who share 100 percent of genetic material score much more similarly on intelligence tests.
involves randomly dividing a test into two different sections and then correlating people’s performances on the two halves.
What are the differences between aptitude tests and achievement tests?
Aptitude: measure of ability/ potential
Achievement: measure what one has learned / accomplished
T/F: Fluid intelligence increases as adult age.
False!!! Fluid intelligence DECREASES as adults age.
What is the equation to solve a person's IQ score?
divide the person's mental age by his/her chronological age and multiply by 100
Explain the Flynn Effect
increase of performance on intelligence tests
What measures a valid test?
it measures what its supposed to measure, accuracy of a test
Name an example of achievement testing
Couple examples:
Give 3 examples of multiple intelligences.
Any 3:
- linguistic, logical-mathematical, spatial, musical, bodily-kinesthetic, intrapersonal, interpersonal, and naturalist intelligence
Who created the Stanford-Binet IQ test?
Louis Terman
T/F: Identical twins score much more similarly on intelligence tests than fraternal twins
True
What are the two kinds of criterion-related validity?
Concurrent validity is the extent to which performance on a measurement is related to current performance on a similar, previously established measurement.
Predictive validity is the extent to which performance on a test is related to later performance that the test was designed to foresee.
What is the difference between group and individual testing?
Group: administered to large number of people at a time
Individual: involves greater interaction between examiner and examinee.
What did Charles Spearman use to find the different specific abilities?
factor analysis (s: type of intelligence, g: general)
Alex is 8 years old and according to the Stanford-Binet, he has a mental age of 10. What is his IQ?
125; chronological age multiplied by 100, since 10 divided by 8 equals 1.25, Alex has an IQ of 125.
What is the measure of how much of a trait's variation is explained by genetic factors?
Heritability
Face validity refers to a superficial measure of accuracy.
Content Validity: refers to how well a test measures the behavior for which it is intended.
Name one disadvantage and advantage for group testing
Ex:
Advantages
can be administered to very large numbers simultaneously
simplified examiner role
scoring typically more objective
large, representative samples often used leading to better established norms
Disadvantages of group tests:
examiner has less opportunity to establish rapport, obtain cooperation, and maintain interest
not readily detected if examinee tired, anxious, unwell
evidence that emotionally disturbed children do better on individual than group tests
examinees responses more restricted
normally an individual is tested on all items in a group test and may become boredom over easy items and frustrated or anxious over difficult items
Name the 3 types in the Sternberg's triarchic theory and explain what each holds.
1) Componential or analytic intelligence : ability to compare/contrast/explain/analyze
2) Experiential or creative intelligence : ability to use knowledge and experience in new ways (insights, adapting)
3) Contextual or practical intelligence : ability to apply what they know to real world situations
- WAIS (Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale) - used in testing adults
- WPPSI (Wechsler preschool and primary scale of intelligence) - can be administered to children as young as four.
- WISC (Wechsler intelligence scale for children) - given to children between the ages of six and 16
T/F: There are racial differences in IQ scores that intelligence is largely genetically determined.
True