Fayol
What is a criticism of Fayol's management functions?
"They do not describe the actual work of managers. They describe vague objectives of managerial work."
- Henry Mintzberg
What is a Monitor?
A monitor is someone who collects data relevant to the business' operations.
Who does a director report to?
CEO
Who introduced Theory X and Y?
Douglas McGregor
Which management role does the following example fall into and why?
Meeting with departmental managers to explain the store's pricing and promotional strategies for the end-of-season sale.
Coordinating Activities
What is the difference between leader and liaison?
Leader : Motivating subordinates; selecting and training other managers/workers
Liaison : Linking with managers and leaders of other divisions of the business and other organizations
What is the difference between democratic and paternalistic management styles?
Democratic : Encourages active participation of workers in taking decisions
Paternalistic : Employees advice and suggestions are voiced and taken into consideration but final decisions lies with manager
Difference between Theory X and Theory Y
X - Employees are lazy, fear-motivated and in need of constant direction
Y - Employees are internally motivated, enjoy work and are prepared to take on additional responsibilities
Why is controlling and measuring performance against targets important?
- Establishing of clear targets increases productivity as workers know exactly what they're meant to do
- Take action if underperformance occurs
- Provide positive feedback when things go right
What are the three types of Mintzberg's management roles and what do they mean?
- Interpersonal : dealing with motivating employees
- Informational : acting as a source, receiver and transmitter of information
- Decisional : taking decisions and allocating resources to meet the organization's objectives.
What are the characteristics of a supervisor?
- Watch over work of others
- Leading and controlling a team to meet predetermined goals
- Not a decision making role
- Appointed by managers
How do the two theories affect workers?
If managers treat all workers with a Theory X mindset, workers will be more likely to adhere to those attitudes as they will be demotivated. The opposite applies to Theory Y
- Mintzberg's involves more open-ended discussion
- Mintzberg stressed interpersonal nature of tasks
- Figurehead
- Spokes person
Figurehead : Symbolic leader of the organization, undertaking duties of a social or legal nature
Eg : Opening new factories/offices, hosting receptions, giving important presentations
Spokes person : Communicating information about the organization - its current position and achievements - to external groups and people
Eg : Presenting reports to groups of stakeholders, communicating with the press and TV media.
What are four major features of autocratic management style?
- Little information given to workers
- Supervise workers closely
- One way communication
- Workers are given only limited information about business
What management style is most commonly used today and why?
Democratic Management
- Working people are better educated and have higher expectations
- Higher level needs that need to be met
- Rapid rate of change requires consultation with workers
- Change is less daunting if workers are involved
What are the five functions of management according to Fayol?
- Planning
- Organizing resources to meet objectives
- Commanding, directing and motivating employees
- Coordinating Activities
- Controlling and measuring performance against targets
List the ten roles in Mintzberg's management functions
- Figurehead
- Leader
- Liaison
- Monitory (Receiver)
- Disseminator
- Spokesperson
- Entrepreneur
- Disturbance handler
- Resource allocator
- Negotiator
What are indicators that managers are having a positive impact on the business?
- Objectives are regularly met
- High levels of consumer satisfaction
- High employee motivation levels
- Low labour turnover
- Respected brand image
- High regard from external stakeholders
- Excellent communication within business and with external stakeholders
What factors does the management style used depend on?
- Training and experience of workforce
- Available time for consultation and participation
- Attitude of managers
- Importance of issue under consideration