Presidential Reconstruction
What group within the Republican Party opposed President Lincoln's (and later Johnson's) plan for Reconstruction and wanted to instead punish the South for the war?
Radical Republicans
The first national park was created by the Grant Admin, what is the park?
Yellowstone
What group formed in Pulaski, TN, in 1866, as a fraternity, but quickly became an organization to keep blacks under white control?
Ku Klux Klan
Despite being a very powerful man, William "Boss" Tweed was taken down by who and what?
Thomas Nast and his political cartoons
Definition: The Southerners were bitter towards Republicans and the North after the devastation of the Civil War and Reconstruction, so they voted strictly for white Democrats for the next 100 years.
Solid South
President Johnson's plan for Reconstruction was to provide amnesty for former Confederates if they swore loyalty to the Union, except those who owned $20,000 or more in assets. What did they have to do to get amnesty?
They had to apply to the President personally
What federal agency helped freed slaves to find work (and negotiate work contracts), set up special courts to deal with the black codes, and establish schools and hospitals?
Freeman's Bureau
What happened to the majority of sharecroppers using the crop-lien system?
Kept poor people (both black and white) in perpetual debt, especially after a bad season
Explain the impeachment and removal process of political office
1) Allegedly, individual commits a crime of treason, bribery, or other high crimes and misdemeanors
2) HOR begins impeachment process as an indictment (formal bringing of charges). HOR acts as the grand jury, if there is sufficient evidence, official is impeached.
3) Impeached person's "trial" starts in the Senate. If found "guilty" by minimum of 2/3, the official is only removed from office. If acquitted, continues to serve.
Ulysses S. Grant would not have been elected into office if he did not get what?
the votes from the 500,000 newly freed Southern black men
As part of amnesty deal from President Johnson, every Confederate state was required to write up a new state constitution to revoke their declaration of secession, and ratify what?
13th Amendment (abolishing slavery)
Why did Congress believe it was necessary to create the 14th Amendment if they already passed the Civil Rights Act of 1866?
Feared that a future Congress or the Supreme Court would upend it
What new law passed in 1867 did President Johnson violate that led to his impeachment?
Tenure of Office Act
(It made it illegal to fire cabinet members without Congressional approval. This law was meant to protect the Secretary of War Edwin Stanton, a Radical Republican)
Which scandal was Grant's VP involved in where he was paid bribes by Union Pacific RR in the form of low stock prices so that he may profit from it and Republican Congressmen for not investigating them?
Credit Mobilier
In 1870, the 15th Amendment was ratified, what did it do?
All citizens cannot be denied or be diminished on their right to vote by the Federal or state governments based on race, color, or previous condition of servitude
List 2 examples of Black Codes?
Black not being allowed to own/carry firearms, could not own or live in city properties. Prohibited from voting, holding political office, suing whites, serving on juries. Could only work as servants or farmers and could get arrested if unemployed.
Why did President Johnson not support the ratification of the 14th Amendment? Provide 2 reasons.
1) Citizenship is a state issue, not federal
2)Treated former Confederate leaders too harshly
3) Wrong to pass Amend. while there were no Southern representation since Radicals blocked them from taking their elected seats.
How many votes was President Johnson away from to be removed from office?
Just 1 from the 2/3 majority needed
Why was the Election of 1876 so contentious?
Voter fraud and intimidation was so rampant in LA, FL, and SC, that it was near impossible to determine who won those state's Electors. The Committee formed to settle the issue then voted along party lines for who would be president, leading Hayes (R) to win.
What 6 year long economic depression occurred during the Grant Administration that caused a 14% unemployment rate?
Panic of 1873
Now that slavery is abolished, what was the political concern Radical Republicans had in regard to representation?
No slavery = no 3/5 compromise > Southern population increases > they gain more seats in Congress > This could slow down Reconstruction.
Who was the first black man to serve in Congress?
Hiram Revels (Senate, R, MS)
In the Senate trial of President Johnson, some Republican senators believed that the Radicals removing Johnson for political reasons would set a precedent. What does that mean?
That its OK to impeach officials for any reason, even if you just disagree with them. To be impeached, you must have committed a crime
Definition: an organized group that maintained political control through a system of patronage, bribery, and manipulation
Political Machine
What compromise ended Reconstruction and what did it do?
Compromise of 1877: Southern Democrats would vote for Hayes (R) to be president in the Electoral College, if he vowed to remove the soldiers occupying the last three Southern states (S.C., LA, & FL)