LINES OF DEFENSE
Fever, inflammation, and phagocytes belong to this line of defense
What is the second line of defense?
This mechanical defense provides less protection than the skin
What are mucous mebranes?
These white blood cells predominate early in infection
What are neutrophils?
Redness, heat, swelling, and pain are classic signs of this process
What is inflammation?
This complement pathway is activated by antibodies binding to foreign cells
What is the classical pathway?
Skin and mucous membranes make up this line of defense
What is the first line of defense?
This oily secretion from sebaceous glands inhibits growth of certain bacteria and fungi
What is sebum?
The chemical attraction of phagocytes to an infection site is called this
What is chemotaxis?
Increased diameter of blood vessels during inflammation is called this
What is vasodilation?
This complement pathway is activated directly by microbial polysaccharides
What is the alternative pathway?
Defenses that protect against all pathogens are called this
What is nonspecific resistance?
These structures move mucus upward toward the throat in the respiratory tract
What is the ciliary escalator (or cilia)?
This structure forms when a phagosome fuses with a lysosome
What is a phagolysosome?
What is the hypothalmus?
Both complement pathways trigger cleavage of this protein
What is C3?
B cells producing antibodies makes up this line of defense
What is the third line of defense?
These proteins limit the available iron for bacteria
What are transferrins?
This process coats microbes to improve phagocyte attachment
What is opsonization?
The process that allows phagocytic cells to squeeze through endothelial cells
These cause cells to produce antiviral proteins
What are interferons alpha and beta?
The immune system's ability to fight a particular pathogen
What is specific resistance?
This enzyme found in tears, saliva, and nasal secretions breaks down Gram-positive cell walls
What is lysozyme?
This bacterial cell structure can prevent the adeherence stage
What is a capsule?
Damaged cells release these chemicals to trigger inflammation
What are histamine, prostaglandins, and kinins?
Proteins C3a and C5a cause this immune response
What is inflammation?