WWI Start
What happens June 1914?
3 elements of that played major roles in starting global warfare
4 Main Battlefield Weapons:
1) Military machine guns, 2) mortar batteries, supported by heavy artillery. 3) Poisonous gas. 4) Tanks
Women's March - When, what, how?
The government had introduced bread rationing in the city after the price of bread skyrocketed.
Many of the women who stood in line waiting for bread were also factory workers who put in twelve-hour days. So they took to the streets of city, St. Petersburg / Petrograd.
Soviet’s sprang up spontaneously after the Women’s March strike.
The End of the Great War:
November 11th, 1918 with a cease-fire and armistice was signed.
Which countries represent the Triple Entente?
AKA - The Allies: Britain, France, Russia (Serbia)
Total War
All of a nation’s resources, including civilians at home as well as soldiers in the field, are mobilized for the war effort.
The Great Slaughter
In 1916 and 1917, millions of young men killed in the search for the trench breakthrough.
Masses of men weighed down with equipment and advancing slowly across open land made magnificent targets for opponents armed with machine guns.
2 sides of the Marxist Social Democratic Party
The 2 factions known as the Mensheviks (MENS-shuh-viks) and the Bolsheviks (BOHL-shuh-viks).
The Treaty of Versailles
Formal Conclusion of WWI on June 1919
The Triple Alliance (Central) countries.
Germany (The Ottoman Empire), Austria-Hungry and Italy
The Allies also took advantage of Germany’s preoccupation in Europe and seized what?
Seized German colonies in Africa.
A British model introduced to the battlefields of Europe in 1916 for the first time!
TANKS! Used caterpillar tracks, which enabled it to move across rough terrain. Armed with mounted guns, tanks could attack enemy machine-gun positions as well as defend infantry.
The tank came too late to have a great effect on WWI, but the lesson was not lost on those who realized the tank’s potential for creating a whole new kind of warfare in WWII.
Mensheviks
War Guilt Cause
Germany was forced to receive the terms but ultimately rejected the sentence of guilt and reparations.
Austria declares wars on Serbia. Why? Who responds?
Russians respond and mobilize to help fellow Slavs in Serbia.
League of Nations
Established a structure and alliance to prevent future wars. (42 Nations)
The basis of France's defensive alliance with Great Britain and US. Both nations pledged to help France if it was attacked by Germany.
Lawrence of Arabia
British officer T. E. Lawrence (1888–1935), who came to be known as Lawrence of Arabia, incited Arab princes to revolt against their Ottoman overlords in 1916.
Bolsheviks
under the leadership of Vladimir Ulianov known to the world as V. I. Lenin (LEH-nin) (1870–1924). Believed they could start socialist government without the transitional revolution of overthrowing the bourgeois elite/capitalist/rich.
Reparations
Payments made by a defeated nation (or people group) to compensate others for damage sustained as a result of the war
Required from Germany after World War I.
Germany declares war on which two countries? Why?
In August 1914, Germany declares war on Russia and France.
Nationalism dominance. They are later charged with official initiation of the global conflict for personal gain.
The doctrine that the people of a given territory or a particular nationality should have the right to determine their own government and political future.
Self Determination
Lost Generation
War veterans who turned violent and revolutionary especially in Italy, Greece and Germany.
Lenin - Who and beliefs
Woodrow Wilson's 14 Points
The United States can engage or support in warfare efforts with moral motivations not defensive retaliations.