vocab
Subculture
a group that is part of the dominant culture but that differs from it in some important respects
reflex
automatic reaction to physical stimuli
informal sanctions
a reward or punishment that can be applied by most members of a group
formal sanctions
a sanction imposed by persons given special authority
society
a specific territory inhabited by people who share a common culture
material culture
the concrete, tangible objects of a culture
nonmaterial cultural
ideas, knowledge, and beliefs that influence people's behavior
ethnocentrism
judging others in terms of one's own cultural standards
taboo
a rule of behavior; the violation of which calls for strong punishment
instincts
innate (not learned) patterns of behavior
folkways
a norm that lacks moral significance
sociobiology
the study of how biology influences human behavior
values
broad idea of what is good/desirable shared by people in society
social categories
people who share a social characteristic
mores
a norm that has moral dimension and that should be followed by members of the society
sanctions
reward or punishment used to encourage people to follow rules
beliefs
an idea about the nature of reality
drive
impulse to reduce discomfort
law
a norm that is formally defined and enforced by officials
real culture
actual behavior patterns of members of a group
cultural particulars
a way in which a culture expresses universal traits
ideal culture
cultural guidelines that group members claim to accept
hypothesis of linguistic relativity
theory stating that our idea of reality depends largely upon language
Counterculture
a sub culture deliberately and consciously opposed to certain central beliefs or attitudes of the dominant culture
cultural universals
a general trait that appears in all cultures