Animal Form and Function
Tissues
Coordination and Control
Energy Use
Thermoregulation
125

Define convergent evolution.

species that are not closely related exhibit similar traits due to facing similar selection pressures

125

What is the function of glial cells?

to nourish and insulate neurons

125

How do regulators manage their internal environments?

they use control mechanisms to keep internal environment constant, even when external environment is changing

125

Define torpor.

a physiological state where an animal's activity and metabolism are greatly decreased to reduce their energy needs

125

What are poikilotherms?

species that let their body temperature change with the environment

250

What is an example of circulatory fluid?

blood or hemolymph

250

What are the different types of connective tissue?

adipose tissue, loose connective tissue, fibrous connective tissue, bone, blood, and cartilage

250

Explain the difference between positive and negative feedback loops.

while positive feedback loops amplify a stimulus, negative feedback loops reduce the stimulus

250

How does an animal's size compare to its metabolic rate?

larger animals have more body mass, which requires more metabolic energy 

250

How does vasodilation function as a thermoregulatory adaptation?

as blood vessels get bigger and allow more blood to flow through them, blood near the body's surface increases and moves heat from blood to environment

500

Do larger species need more material to maintain their bodies? Why or why not?

yes because the amount of material that needs to be exchanged is proportional to body volume

500

Share whether each muscle type is striated/non-striated and voluntary/involuntary.

Skeletal: striated and voluntary

Cardiac: striated and involuntary

Smooth: non-striated and involuntary

500

What are two differences between the endocrine system and the nervous system?

speed: ES is slow-acting while NS is fast-acting

target: ES signaling can affect one or more locations, but NS signaling goes to a specific cell

500

Why is SMR used to measure the metabolic rate of ectothermic species?

the metabolic rate of ectotherms varies with body temperature and body temperature varies with environmental temperature, so measuring the metabolic rate must include the temperature at which the measurement was taken

500

Define acclimatization and give an example.

animals change how much they rely on a specific thermoregulation technique over different parts of the year

ex: dogs can shed their winter coat when the weather starts warming up, reducing their reliance on insulation

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