Organic Molecules
monomer = building block of (most) macromolecules
polymers = repeating monomers
What do carbohydrates serve as?
food source
structure
transmitting genetic info
What is the monomer for lipids?
TRICK QUESTION! NO MONOMER
How are peptide bonds created?
through dehydration synthesis
What is the function of nucleic acids?
storage and transfer of genetic information
How are enantiomers related?
they are a reflection of each other
*there are the D and L versions, this can make drugs have different therapeutic effects even if they are chemically the same.
What are the 3 types of carbs?
monosaccharides: monomer
disaccharides: 2 monosac.
polysaccharides: polymer of monosac.
What is the difference between saturated and unsaturated fatty acids?
Plus which one is better for you?
saturated is solid at room temp and has NO double bonds. (I.e. butter)
unsaturated is liquid at room temp and HAS a double bond. (I.e. olive oil)
^^Better for you
polymerization occurs via
peptide bonds and dehydration synthesis
define structural isomers.
carbon molecules with same formula but different arrangement
*same recipes but different form
(waffles and pancakes)
What bond holds together the organic molecules?
What makes them organic?
covalent bonds
they contain carbon
What is the function of carbohydrates?
energy storage, receptors, food, structural role in plants, fungal cell walls, and exoskeleton of insects
What are the components of triglycerides?
When you denature a protein, what structure does it refer back to?
PRIMARY STRUCTURE
What are the major cellular components?
hydrogen
carbon
oxygen
nitrogen
phosphorus
sulfur
Define biological functional groups.
groups of atoms with specific chemical composition attached to the carbon chain, branching, or cyclic formation.
a glycosidic bond
What are the uses for isoprenoids?
pharmaceuticals, pigments, and fragrances
How many amino acids are used in making a polypeptide?
under 50
What are the 4 most common cellular components?
hydrogen
carbon
oxygen
nitrogen
What is the definition for...
dehydration synthesis & hydrolysis
dehydration synthesis: REMOVING an H20 in order to bind two monomers together; creates a covalent bond.
hydrolysis: water is used to BREAK APART the joined monomers
What are 5 examples of polysaccharides?
(FROM THE SLIDES)
agar
cellulose
starch
chitin
peptidoglycan
DEFINE
amphipathic and micelles
amphipathic: both polar and non-polar (lipid bi-layer)
micelles: spherical assembly of lipids (fatty tails faced in on each other and the polar heads are on the outside)
What are the sequence orders of proteins?
(the 4 steps)
Primary: sequence of amino acids; FLEXIBLE
Secondary: a helix and B sheets
Tertiary: 3D shape; a lot of bonding; polypeptide with distant interactions
Quaternary: COMBINED structure; adding multiple peptides together; if interrupted it becomes denatured permanently.
What are the different abbreviations used to identify microorganisms?
(There are 5)
MALDI-TOF
FAME
PLFA
Proteomic analysis
Carbohydrate analysis