SPACE EXPLORATION
Why are telescopes important to study space?
What can find in the core of the Sun?
helium
Explain the difference between absolute and apparent magnitude.
Apparent - brightness as it appears to the observer
Absolute- brightness from a certain distance
What are three challenges we face with space travel?
distance, extreme weather, technology
What conditions must occur for nuclear fusion to be possible?
high temperature and pressure
How do we discover the composition of a star?
Spectroscope. Each element has certain wavelengths within a spectrum that is represented with spectral lines.
Why do we need to put some telescopes above Earth's atmosphere?
Most of the radiation that reaches Earth from space is absorbed by Earth’s atmosphere
Why do auroras occur?
Result when high-energy charged particles are carried past Earth’s magnetic field from solar storms
When do stars evolve?
Run out of fuel (hydrogen)
Describe an orbiter, landers, and satellites.
Satellite: human-made object or vehicle that orbits Earth, the Moon, or other celestial objects (multiple purposes)
Lander: Sample a fraction of the planet
Orbiters: observatories that orbit other planets
Equipped with digital cameras that provide high-resolution images not obtainable from Earth
What are the three pieces of evidence that support the solar nebula theory? Explain.
Cratered surfaces
Orbits (rotating disk) (same plane, rotations and revolution)
Extrasolar planets
How is a Hertzsprung-Diagram organized?
Luminosity, temperature, colour, and type of star
Indicate and describe the three types of satellites and their uses.
GPS (global positioning system)- Search and rescue and navigation
Remote-sensing satellites - low Earth orbits, orbit Earth quick to provide rapid information for the study of the weather, climate, oceans and water
Geosynchronous satellites - Appears to stay over a single location above the equator as they orbit Earth at the same speed that Earth rotates. Used for broadcasting television and radio.
Describe how the Solar System was formed. (Solar nebula theory) (at least 4 steps)
Began with a spinning cloud of gas and dust - solar nebula
Started to contract due to gravity and the cloud flattened and formed a protostar formed in the middle
The Sun was born
Leftovers continued to circulate and collecting building rocky clumps called planetesimals
If planetesimals survived the collisions, planets formed!
Explain the evolution of a high-mass star.
Supergiant - (core collapses, shockwave throughout the star, and the star explodes ) -> supernova
12-15 solar masses
Pressure is so great protons and electrons are squeezed into eachother and only neutrons exist and it is about 20 km in diameter NEUTRON STAR
25+ solar masses
Explosion so massive creating massive force of gravity--- BLACKHOLE