Chemical Bonding
What are the three Types of Chemical Bonds
Metallic, Covalent, and Ionic
If you have the formula CaCl2 what does the "2" represent?
There are 2 chlorine ions
Outer Electrons that are involved in bonding are called what
Valence electrons
NaCl
Sodium Chloride
ionic
Sodium Iodide
NaI
What causes the polarity of a bond?
An atom with higher electronegativity pulls the shared electron closer
Give # of valence electrons and the ion formed:
Potassium
1, K+
What are anions and cations
anion- negative ion
cation- positive ion
What is the octet rule?
An atom must have 8 valence electrons to be satisfied and stable
Ionic bonds are made up of what type of elements
metals and nonmetals
S2F7
disulfur heptafluoride
covalent bond
Carbon dioxide
CO2
What is electronegativity and what causes it?
The tendency of an atom to attract electrons - caused by the pull of protons in the nucleus and reduced by shielding from energy shells
Give # of valence electrons and the ion formed:
Magnesium
2, Mg2+
What type of bond involves transferring electrons
Ionic Bond
What type of bond involves sharing electrons?
Covalent bond
Is the bond that forms the compound KCl ionic or covalent
Ionic
MgBr2
Magnesium Bromide
ionic
Lithium Nitride
Li3N
In a polar covalent bond, the partially negative atom is the one with the _________ __________
greater electronegativity
Give # of valence electrons and the ion formed:
Oxygen
6, O2-
Name three diatomic elements
H, N, O, Cl, F, I, Br
What are two ways atoms can fulfill the octet rule?
transfer by losing or gaining electrons, share electrons
If Sulfur is directly below Oxygen will they have the same amount of valence electrons? If so, how many?
6
Al2O3
aluminum oxide
ionic
Magnesium Phosphide
Mg3P2
What is a dipole moment and how do you determine it?
A measurement of the polarity of a bond and the arrow points to the more negative atom
Give # of valence electrons and the ion formed:
Bromine
7, Br-
When an ionic bond forms between a metal and a nonmetal, the cation is the __________ and the anion is the _____________.
metal; nonmetal
When writing an ionic formula, do you write the positive or negative ion first
Positive
What is a sea of electrons?
The electrons in metallic bonding!
C4Cl9
tetracarbon nonachloride
covalent
calcium phosphide
Ca3P2
Would you expect a polar substance to have a higher or a lower melting/boiling point than a nonpolar substance? Why?
A higher because the attraction between molecules requires more energy to break
Give # of valence electrons and the ion formed:
Phosphorus
5, P3-