VIRUSES & CELLS
ECOLOGY
Charts & Graphs
DNA & Cell Cycle
Heredity
100
A student claims that the influenza virus replicates in the air and then infects people.
Why is this statement FALSE?
The claim is false because host cells would not be present in the air. To replicate itself, the virus needs to infect a host.
100
On the Edwards Plateau in Texas, shrubs grow in arid areas with relatively thin limestone soils. Although these shrublands may transform into forests, the transformation is very slow and never occurs in some places. Which factor MOST LIKELY slows or prevents this ecosystem’s progression from shrublands into forests?
100
100
Dogs have 39 pairs of chromosomes in their somatic cells. In which part of the cell are these chromosomes replicated during the cell cycle?
in the nucleus
100
Curly hair (H) is always dominant to straight hair (h). The ability to taste PTC (P) is always dominant to not being able to taste PTC (p). The alleles for straight hair and a non-taster for PTC are recessive.
If both parents are heterozygous for both traits, what would be the genotype of an offspring with straight hair and the ability to taste PTC?
hhPp OR hhPP
200
Which statement accurately compares eukaryotes and prokaryotes?
A) Eukaryotic cells are more complex than prokaryotic cells.
B) Eukaryotic cells replicate faster than prokaryotic cells.
C) Only prokaryotic cells have membrane-bound organelles.
D) Only prokaryotic cells lack outer membranes and cell walls.
A) Eukaryotic cells are more complex than prokaryotic cells.
200
A large part of Texas is made up of open areas covered in grasses. Together these areas form a grassland biome. There are multiple levels of organization that help form a biome. One of these levels is a community.
Which example BEST represents a community in the grassland biome?
200
200
Scientists have reported that more than 95% of the factors that lead to some types of cancers are caused by random DNA-copying errors. During which phase of the cell cycle do these DNA-copying errors most likely occur?
S phase
200
Humans have thousands of genes that combine in different ways to help create unique individuals. Where is the genetic code primarily located? (More specific than nucleus)
Nucleotides of DNA
300
In animal cells, the sodium-potassium pump moves sodium and potassium ions against a concentration gradient across the cell membrane.
What type of transport is used?
Active transport is used in the process. The movement of sodium and potassium ions requires energy (ATP) because the ions need to be pumped against their concentration gradient from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration.
300
The table shows the relationships of some organisms that live in a Texas Hill Country habitat. Based on the data in the table, create a food chain that depicts a correct flow of energy through the Texas Hill Country habitat.
300
Only 3
300
A student observed a human cheek cell under a light microscope and made these observations:
- The chromatin is condensed.
- There is no visible nucleolus.
- The spindle fibers are visible.
- The nuclear membrane looks like it is disappearing.
Which phase of the cell cycle is this student MOST LIKELY observing?
Prophase
300
A scientist examined two populations of the grasshopper species Atractomorpha lata. The scientist found that the population raised in higher temperatures had a higher frequency of brown coloration, while the population raised in lower temperatures had a higher frequency of green coloration.
Based on this information, which biological process is affected by temperature in A. lata?
400
Structural
400
Nitrogen is an essential component of all living things. However, atmospheric nitrogen is unavailable for organisms to use. Through various processes and chemical changes, nitrogen moves through the biosphere, atmosphere, and geosphere in different forms, making it available for all organisms. Atmospheric nitrogen is deposited in the soil and surface waters primarily through precipitation. Once in the soil, microorganisms break down the nitrogen into different forms, which is then taken up by plants. Nitrogen eventually makes its way back into the atmosphere. What would happen within the nitrogen cycle if a bactericide, a substance that kills bacteria, was added to the soil?
400
400
A DNA mutation results in a protein that is the same as the initial protein synthesized before the mutation. Which statement BEST explains this outcome?
400
Cystic fibrosis is an autosomal recessive disorder in humans. What is the probability that an offspring will have cystic fibrosis if both parents are carriers of cystic fibrosis?
25%
500
Lipase is an enzyme that chemically breaks down lipids in cells into fatty acids and glycerol. Lipase accomplishes this task because of its unique structure. Which part of the enzyme is involved in this catabolic reaction?
A) Allosteric site B) Binding-pocket product
C) Active site D) Enzyme-Substrate Complex
C) Active site
500
As part of a wildlife conservation program, researchers take a small population of wolves and relocate them to an island. After several generations, researchers analyze the genomes of the wolves in the population and determine that there is little genetic variation in the population. Which evolutionary mechanism BEST explains the low level of genetic variation of these wolves?
500
500
Identify the components of DNA.
Base pair , Nucleotide, Phosphate
500
