IMF and Solutions
With what molecules do hydrogen bonds form with
Nitrogen, Oxygen, Fluorine
What is energy and what are types of it?
Energy:Is defined as the ability to do work, can be classified as either kinetic or potential energy
Do reaction ever stop?
Reactions never stop, often times reactions will have a forward and reverse action. These two reactions are constantly working together to achieve equilibrium.
What are Arrhenius Acids and Bases
Arrhenius Acids yield hydrogen ions in aqueous solutions while Arrhenius Bases are compounds that ionize to yield hydroxide in aqueous solutions.
What are the properties that define Gas?
Properties that define Gas
Temperature
Pressure
Volume
Amount of gas/moles
Name the different types of bonds in order from weakest to smallest.
Weakest to strongest:
LDF
Dipole-Dipole
Hydrogen
Metallic
Ionic
What is the law of conservation of energy?
Law of conservation of energy
Energy can neither be created or destroyed merely transformed
What is the equation for Equilibrium?
Keq=C*D=A*B
What is self ionization of Water
The process where water ionizes to hydronium and hydroxide ions when water particles collide. This process is limited and does not occur in great values
If I have 5 carbon molecules and 10 oxygen molecule, and it take 2 molecules of oxygen + 1 molecule of carbon to make a CO2 molecule, what is my limiting reactant
The limiting reactant is Carbon
What is the difference between a solute and a solvent?
A solute is a substance that can be dissolved into a solution by a solvent. A solvent is a substance in which a solute is dissolved
What is the equation for specific heat
Q=mc∆t
M=mass c= specific heat t= change in heat q= heat
What is Le Chatelier's Principle
Le Chatelier's Principle
If you induce stress on a system then the system will shift to relieve the stress
When strong acids and bases react what do they produce and what is the reaction called?
The reaction is called neutralization, where an acid and base react to produce salt and water.
What are Boyle's law, Gay-Lussac's Law, and Charles Law?
Boyle’s law
Temperature is a constant
States that volume of a gas at constant temperature is inversely proportional to the gas pressure
Pressure increase=volume decrease
Equation: P1 x V1 = P2 x V2
P= pressure
V= volume
Gay-Lussac’s Law
Pressure of a sample of gas at constant volume, is directly proportional to its temperature
More temperature=more pressure
Equation: P1/T1= P2/T2
P= pressure
T= temperature
Charles Law
Pressure is fixed
Higher Temp makes gas molecules move faster
Equation: V1/T1=V2/T2
Given: V(NO3)3
initial concentration (M1): 0.3 M
final concentration (M2): 0.059 M
final volume (V2): 1.95 L
Wanted: liters of concentrated solution (V1)?
V1=M2×V2/M1 = 0.059M×1.95L/0.3 M = 0.384 L
Convert 5782 calories to Joules
5782*1/1000*4.18= 24.17 J
What is the value of equilibrium Kc for the reaction depicted below? The concentration of NH, is 0.010M, N, is 0.050M, and H, is 0.0010M.
2NH: = N2 + 3H2
Given:
Concentration of hypoiodous acid [HOI] = 1.245 M
pH = 5.27
Wanted: H+
Answer:5.370*10^-6
H+=10^-pH
H+=10^-5.72
H+=5.370*10^-6
CH4 + 2H2O → 4H2(g) + CO2(g)
How many grams of hydrogen can be produced from the reaction of 80.0 g of CH4 and 16.3 g of water? What is the limiting reactant?
Answer: Water
Produces 3.65g of H2 while CH4 produces 40.27g of H2
Hydrogen Chloride is a very dangerous gas, but when dissolved in water it make an easier to use (hydrochloric acid). HCl usually comes in a very concentrated form of HCl and will read 32% by weight % with a density of 1.1592. Convert to molarity.
Answer: 10.17M
1: Calculate mass of solution. 1.1592*1000ml=1159.2g
2:Calculate mass of HCL. 32% of 1159.2=370.944g
3:Calculate how many moles of HCL you have. 370.944g/36.46g/mol=10.17 moles
4: Convert to molarity. 10.17m/1L=10.17M
Substance: silicon dioxide (SiO2)
heat transferred (q): 272280 J released
specific heat capacity (c): 0.703 J/(g·K)
amount (m): 205 g
Wanted:
temperature change (ΔT) in kelvins (K)?
Answer: 1890
∆T=Q/CM
∆T=272280/0.703*205∆T=1890
2 BrCl(g) ⇄ Br2(g) + Cl2(g)
Given:
• PBr2 = 5.22 atm
• PBrCl = 0.593 atm
• PCl2 = 1.43 atm
• T = 298°C
• V = 20 L
Wanted: gas equilibrium constant
Answer: 21.3
(Br2)(Cl2)/(BrCl)^2
Given:
glycolic acid (C2H4O3)
pH = 1.79
Ka = 1.472 × 10-4
Wanted: Concentration of glycolic acid [C2H4O3]?
[H+]=10^-pH
= 10^-1.79
= 1.622×10^-2M
[C2H4O3] = ([H+])/2Ka+[H+]
=(1.622×10^-2)^2/1.472×10^-4 +1.622*10^-2
2 Eu + 6 H2O → 2 Eu(OH)3 + 3 H2
213.6 grams of Eu are reacted with 464.64 grams of H2O, how many grams of Eu(OH)3 will be produced?
Answer: 285.3
Eu is the limiting reactant