Erikson’s Stages
What is the primary conflict of Erikson’s stage for preschoolers?
At what age does a conscience typically begin to develop?
Which parenting style is considered most effective in promoting healthy child development?
Authoritative
What is the difference between instrumental and hostile aggression?
Instrumental aggression is goal-oriented (e.g., to get a toy), while hostile aggression is meant to harm someone.
What skill does a child develop when they play make-believe with others?
Social skills, including perspective-taking.
In the Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt stage, what quality develops when a child successfully navigates the conflict?
What emotion is most closely tied to the development of a conscience?
Guilt
How does an authoritarian parent typically discipline their child?
With strict rules and little explanation or warmth
At what age do children typically show the most physical aggression?
Around 2-3 years old.
What is the primary type of play during the preschool years?
Cooperative play.
What might a child feel if they are overly criticized during the Initiative vs. Guilt stage?
What is the term for learning right and wrong by observing adults' actions?
Modeling
What is the main difference between permissive and neglectful parenting?
What is relational aggression?
Damaging someone’s relationships or social status through exclusion or gossip.
How do preschoolers typically express autonomy?
By saying “no,” dressing themselves, or choosing their own activities.
Name an activity that can promote initiative in preschoolers
Name one way to foster empathy in preschoolers
Encouraging them to consider how others feel and role-playing prosocial behaviors.
Name one potential long-term effect of neglectful parenting on a child.
Name one way parents can help reduce aggression in preschoolers.
Teaching emotional regulation skills or modeling non-aggressive behavior.
Why is consistency important in parenting preschoolers?
It helps them understand boundaries and feel secure.
Why is a balance between autonomy and shame important during the toddler years?
It helps children learn self-control while feeling confident in their abilities.
: Explain how guilt differs from shame in moral development
How might an authoritative parent respond to a child who hits another child?
How can empathy reduce aggressive behavior?
By helping children understand the impact of their actions on others, they are less likely to harm them.
What role does storytelling play in moral development?
It helps children learn lessons about right and wrong through relatable scenarios.