Theoretical Perspectives
This theorist is known for his theory of cognitive development that includes stages such as sensorimotor and formal operational.
Jean Piaget
This process describes the rapid development of the brain and nervous system during the first two years of life.
Synaptogenesis
In Piaget’s theory, this stage is characterized by logical thinking about concrete events.
Concrete operational stage
This term describes the rules for combining words into sentences.
Syntax
This type of intelligence refers to accumulated knowledge and skills.
Crystallized intelligence
This approach explains behavior through the selective pressures that shape behavior over time.
Evolutionary approach
This term refers to agents, such as alcohol and drugs, that can cause birth defects.
Teratogens
Which type of memory is responsible for holding a small amount of information for a brief period, such as when you remember a phone number?
Working memory
At what age do most children begin to produce their first spoken words?
Around 12 months
Who created the first intelligence test, later adapted by Lewis Terman?
Alfred Binet
Which theorist developed the theory of psychosocial development that spans the entire lifespan?
Erik Erikson
Which genetic disorder is caused by an extra copy of chromosome 21?
Down syndrome
The ability to focus on one specific stimulus and ignore others is known as what?
Selective attention
Which theorist proposed the idea that humans are born with an innate ability for language learning?
Noam Chomsky
This term refers to a high ability in one or more areas, typically identified with an IQ above 130.
Giftedness
In Freud’s psychoanalytic theory, this part of the personality operates based on the pleasure principle.
Id
What term describes the process of cell division that results in the production of eggs and sperm?
Meiosis
Vygotsky emphasized the role of this in children’s cognitive development.
Social interaction
What term refers to the understanding and use of words and their meanings?
Semantics
Which theory suggests that intelligence is influenced by both genetics and environment?
Reaction range theory
Vygotsky’s concept that describes the range between what a child can do alone and what they can do with help is called?
Zone of Proximal Development
This period, beginning around age 12, marks the onset of sexual maturation.
Puberty
What term refers to a child’s ability to understand that objects continue to exist even when they cannot be seen?
Object permanence
The ability to speak two languages fluently is known as what?
Bilingualism
This term refers to the ability to solve problems and adapt to new situations.
Fluid intelligence