Concepts and Creativity
Cognition about our cognition, keeping track of and evaluating our mental processes
Metacognition
The ability to produce new and valuable ideas
Creativity
The way an issues is posed: How and issue is posed can significantly affect decisions and judgements
Framing
A measure of memory in which the person must retrieve information learned earlier, like on a fill in the blank quiz.
Recall
encoding that requires conscious attention
Effortful processing
A mental image or best example of a category. New items are compared to this best example.
Prototype
Narrowing the available problem solutions to determine the single best solution.
Convergent thinking
The persistence of one's initial conception even after the basis on which they were formed has been discredited.
Belief perseverance
An understanding of short-term memory: Processing of both incoming sensory information and retrieving information from long-term memory
Working memory
Encoding on a basic level, for example on the structure or appearance of words
Shallow process
A mental grouping of similar objects, events, ideas or people.
Concept
Expanding the number of possible problems solutions, creative thinking in different directions.
Divergent thinking
The tendency to be more sure than correct. to overestimate the accuracy of our beliefs and judgements
Overconfidence
The process of getting information into the memory system - for example extracting meaning.
Encoding
Retention of skills or conditioned associations independent of conscious recollection
Implicit memory
A concept of framework that organizes and interprets information.
Schema
A tendency to search for information that supports our preconceptions, and to ignore or distort contradictory evidence.
Confirmation bias
Judging the likelihood of events based on how easily something readily comes to mind.
Availability heuristic
Long-term potentiation (LTP)
Process in which previously stored memories, when retrieved are potentially altered before being stored again. Information is sometime left out, and the memories are progressively altered.
Reconsolidation
Two items:
1. Interpreting our new experiences in terms of existing schemas.
2. Adapting our current schemas to incorporate new information
1. Assimilation
2. Accommodation
A tendency to approach a problem in one particular way, often a way that has been successful in the past.
Mental set
Judging the likelihood of events in terms of how well the represent or match a prototype: May lead us to ignore other relevant information.
Representative heuristic
There is both effortful and automatic processing. We are able to process information simultaneously.
Parallel processing
2.) Explicit memory of experienced events
1.)Semantic memory
2.) Episodic memory