Nursing theories
This theory emphasizes an individual's ability to perform self-care and includes the sub-theories: self-care, self-care deficit, and nursing systems.
Orem’s Self-Care Deficit Theory
Name one key reason why nurses are well-positioned to drive health care reform.
Trusted relationships with communities
What are the three elements of the Epidemiologic Triangle?
Agent, host, environment
Administering childhood vaccines is an example of what level of prevention?
Primary
What is the difference between the public and private healthcare subsystems in the U.S.?
Public = prevention & population health; Private = curative & individual
In Pender’s Health Promotion Model, name two key motivational variables that influence behavior change.
Examples: Perceived self-efficacy, activity-related affect
What are two core community-level interventions performed by community health nurses?
Outreach, surveillance, education
The Web of Causation model is especially useful in studying what kind of diseases?
Chronic diseases (e.g., heart disease)
Mammograms and STI testing fall under which level of prevention?
Secondary
What government agency oversees Medicaid and Medicare?
Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS)
Milio’s Framework emphasizes the need to change what in order to improve public health outcomes?
Environmental and structural conditions (e.g., access, resources)
A nurse advocating for bike helmet laws is practicing which level of intervention?
Primary prevention
A "windshield survey" provides what kind of community health data?
Observational data about environmental and social conditions
Teaching insulin self-administration to a newly diagnosed diabetic is an example of what prevention level?
Tertiary
What type of care does Medicare Part A cover?
Inpatient hospital, home health, hospice
Select all that apply: Which of the following are emphasized in the Critical Social Theory approach?
A. Emancipatory nursing
B. Clinical skills
C. Addressing root causes like racism
D. Compliance-focused care
E. Promoting social justice
A, C, E
Select all appropriate community health nurse roles:
A. Educator
B. Politician
C. Case Manager
D. Researcher
E. Lobbyist
A, C, D
Define the difference between incidence and prevalence.
Incidence = new cases; Prevalence = all existing cases
Select all that are examples of tertiary prevention:
A. Cardiac rehab
B. Seat belt laws
C. Insulin teaching
D. Chemotherapy
E. Colonoscopy
A, C, D
Which populations qualify for Medicare?
A. Age 65+
B. Low-income children
C. ESRD patients
D. People with ALS
E. Pregnant women
A, C, D
This theory critiques the idea that individuals always act out of fear or threat and instead focuses on emotional and interpersonal influences on health behavior.
Pender’s Health Promotion Model
The documentary Unnatural Causes highlights what social conditions as root causes of health inequities?
Housing, income, racism, education
Select all examples of descriptive epidemiologic studies:
A. Case-control study
B. BRFSS
C. NHANES
D. Cohort study
E. Cross-sectional survey
B, C, E
Give one example of a policy-level primary prevention activity.
Helmet laws, fluoride in water, tobacco tax
What services are typically provided at the local level of the public health system?
Immunizations, WIC, TB control