Terms and Definitions
This is the most common type of fluency disorder
What is developmental stuttering?
Three important risk factors when determining the likelihood that a child's disfluency will spontaneously recover
What are family history, gender and age at onset?
Stuttering behavior that is correlated with a traumatic event and increases in severity in the presence of fluency enhancing conditions
What is psychogenic stuttering?
The two primary "camps" of fluency treatment
What are fluency shaping and stuttering modification?
A significant result of family studies/research
What is....stuttering is frequently inherited, and more likely if the child's mother stutters
A child who says "I want want mommy" is demonstrating this category of disfluency
What is whole word repetition? or What is typical disfluency?
These are 3 important areas to assess in order to determine an accurate diagnosis of fluency disorder
What are disfluencies in speech, feelings and attitudes and articulation and language skills?
A student who presents with abnormally rapid rate of speech and irregular bursts of reduced articulatory precision, along with poor self awareness
What is cluttering?
A direct treatment approach that is appropriate for young children with at least one involved family member
What is the Lidcombe Program?
The theory that stuttering is caused by lack of a unilateral hemispheric control of language
What is the cerebral dominance theory?
The 2 broad categories of secondary stuttering behaviors
What are escape and avoidance behaviors?
Assessment findings that may result in a "watch and see" approach
What are: no family history; decrease in disfluencies since first reported/observed; good language and articulation skills; only typical disfluencies of no more than 10% of the total sample; no negative feelings about speaking
When sharing assessment results with very anxious and "guilty" parents, this information would be LEAST helpful
What is information about factors that may predispose a child to persistent stuttering
An appropriate approach to intervention with a client who exhibits many secondary stuttering behaviors, as well as speaking anxiety
What is the stuttering modification approach?
Periods of rapid language development, slower language processing, complex sentence structure
What are the significant language factors associated with children who stutter?
Two speaking conditions that promote spontaneous fluency in persons who stutter
What are speaking in unison, talking to oneself, talking to a pet, singing, speaking in a different dialect, swearing, speaking with DAF
Three possible underlying etiologies/deficits associated with excessive use of interjections during a language sample
What are stuttering/disfluency, word finding, and language formulation
Trial therapy may result in immediate, and sometimes dramatic, improvements in fluency
What is psychogenic stuttering?
Clinical decision-making about which treatment approach is most appropriate should include at minimum, these 3 variables
What are the client's age, severity of stuttering behaviors, and family/client preference?
The researcher who developed the diagnosogenic theory of stuttering
Who was Wendall Johnson?
The prevalence of stuttering throughout the school years
What is approximately 1% of all school children or 2.4% of kindergarteners
Two differences in the assessment protocol between a young child and an adult
For an adult, formal language measures may not be necessary; For a young child, there is little to no emphasis on self-awareness or underlying attitudes and emotions
Results of assessment include stuttering behaviors on the final syllable of multi-syllabic words; the client does not demonstrate improvement during choral speaking, but does respond positively to pacing as a strategy to reduce rate of speech
What is neurogenic stuttering?
An indirect approach that includes counseling family members about environmental modifications is MOST appropriate for which 2 categories of stuttering
What is borderline and beginning stuttering?
The researcher who defined stuttering as a social role conflict
Who is Sheehan [1970]?