System Fundamentals
COMPUTER ORGANISATION
Number Representation / Logic Gates
Networks
Networks 2
100
What is a stake holder ?
Stakeholder: Has an interest or investment in a project and is impacted by how it turns out.
100
What is the ALU ?
Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU)
100
How many bits is a Byte
8 bits
100
What is a PAN ?
Personal Area Network
100
Which one has a bigger area to cover MAN or WAN?
MAN
200
Tell 2 problems with data migration
Incompatibility with file formats in the new system- could lead to incomplete or incorrect data transfer
Non-recognisable data structures and formats- result in a mismatch of data, e.g. in customer records
Data lost or corrupted during transfer due to transmission faults/lack of adequate storage. Not usable at destination
Data misinterpretation due to conventions in different countries e.g. date, measurements, currencies
Different validation rules between companies- could lead to inconsistent/incorrect results
Might not be able to use data while transferring, problem if it's large and takes long
200
What is the function of the MDR ?
Memory Data Register (MDR): Stores data of instruction most recently taken from RAM, i.e. instruction about to be executed. Connected to RAM through Data Bus
200
E represents what numbers in Hexadecimal form ?
14
200
Describe the 2 types of data compression
Lossless and lossy
200
Which transmission media is the fastest ?
Fiber Optics
400
2 measures to prevent data loss
- Regular backups: On hard disks/ magnetic tape, online or on removable media (e.g. USB, CDs) for fast backup and storage
- Offsite storage: Data backups stored in different geographical location
- Firewall and antivirus: Prevent virus infections
- Failover systems: Computer system that system can switch to in case of hardware/ software/ network failure. Often switches automatically to reduce time
400
Tell me 2 differences between Cache and ROM
Teacher will tell if it is right or wrong
400
Convert 102(10)-->X(2)
1100110
400
Describe me 1 advantage and 1 disadvantage of a VPN
Advantages:
Info can be accessed in remote places
No need for long-distance leased lines = lower cost
Enhanced security through encryption, can hide your IP address
Disadvantages:
Needs a professional with detailed understanding of security issues and configuration to ensure sufficient security and protection
Reliability of VPN is not directly under the organisation's control, but under ISP
Not all VPN products are compatible across different vendors
Comment: VPN can change working patterns, e.g. changes in costs, flexibility to employees and remote offices, global networking opportunities, less time travelling for remote users
400
What is a switch inside a network ?
Connection point but can identify which device is connected to which port, so can send data to target device
600
What is a phased implementation?
Convert one module at a time e.g. per department.
600
Describe every step of the machine instruction cycle
Fetch
Decode
Execute
Writesback
600
What is the truth table for OR ?
Teacher will tell if it is right or wrong
600
What is the Extranet ?
External extension to a LAN- Part of a network that uses internet protocols to allow controlled access by specific users to LAN or WAN. e.g. business wants to share some data/ information with clients or partners but not all, so extends part of network (extranet) available for access but with security/ privacy measures (e.g. firewall) so outsiders cannot access secure data
600
2 disadvantages and 2 advantages of wireless networking
Advantages:
Easier and cheaper to install than cable
Easier to set up temporary links
Easier to add new devices to network
Many public access points exist, can work from different areas like home
Can connect mobile devices, which are more convenient and portable
Disadvantages:
Relatively slow communication as signals travel through air
Affected by weather
Weaker security and protection
Higher error rates
Health concerns about long term exposure to electromagnetic waves
800
Tell me 2 ethical and 2 social problems of a networked world
Teacher will tell if the answer is correct or not
800
What is persistent storage and virtual memory
Known as persistent storage because contents are persistent, not wiped out after process is finished, or when there’s no power.
Virtual memory: Part of secondary memory used as if it is main memory. If RAM is too full to load new program, another program/ part of another program is loaded on virtual memory to make room for the new program. If the other program is needed again, it’s swapped back out
800
What is the result of the following circuit:
Teacher will tell if it is right or wrong
800
Tell me all the layers of the OSI model and the function of atleast 3.
Teacher will tell if it is right or wrong.
800
Describe 2 characteristics of a wireless network
Characteristics of wireless networks
Wi-Fi: Short range wireless network offering high bandwidth for data transfer
1G/ 2G: First/ second generation of mobile networking and telecommunications technology. Used analogue transmission
3G/ 4G: Third/fourth generation “. Digital, faster than 1G/ 2G
WiMAX: Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access. Serves long-range networking, even in remote areas
Future networks: 5G or tactile internet