Hair Care & Chemistry
What is the natural pH range of hair?
pH of hair is 4.5–5.5
What does EPA stand for?
Environmental Protection Agency
What is the largest organ of the body?
The skin
What is the basic unit of life?
The cell
What is the first thing you should do before starting any client service?
Wash and sanitize your hands
Which part of the hair contains melanin and protein structures?
The cortex
What level of infection control kills all microorganisms, including spores?
Sterilization
What is the technical term for a white spot on the nail?
Leukonychia
Which system of the body controls hormones?
endocrine system
How often should cosmetology licenses be renewed (varies by state, but give general rule)?
Every 1–2 years
What type of bond is broken when hair is permed or relaxed?
Disulfide bonds
What should you do if blood exposure occurs during a service?
Stop service, put on gloves, clean with antiseptic, apply bandage, disinfect tools and station, wash hands
What is the layer of the skin where new cells are produced?
stratum basale
What muscle extends from the chest and shoulder muscles to the side of the chin?
platysma muscle
What is considered professional conduct in the salon?
Good hygiene, proper attire, respectful communication, confidentiality, and ethical behavior
What is the main ingredient in most relaxers?
Sodium hydroxide
What agency regulates safety and health in the workplace?
OSHA (Occupational Safety and Health Administration)
What type of lesion is a freckle?
macule
What type of tissue binds together, protects, and supports body parts?
Connective tissue
Why is a client consultation important before services?
To analyze hair/skin/nails, check for contraindications, and determine client’s goals
What type of lightener is used directly on the scalp?
Cream lightener
What is the difference between sterilization and disinfection?
Sterilization kills all microorganisms including spores; disinfection kills most but not all, not spores
What type of nail infection shows yellow-green spots that can darken over time?
Pseudomonas bacterial infection
Which system controls the body’s coordination and all voluntary movements?
nervous system
What should you do if a client refuses to follow safety instructions during a service?
Stop service if unsafe, explain why, document if necessary, and follow state board regulations