Modal Verbs
Zero Conditional
First Conditional
Environmental Issues Vocabulary
Causes and consequences
100

Choose a modal to complete the sentence: "We ___ recycle more to protect the planet."  

could, should, must

100

Complete the sentence: “If people don’t recycle, there ___ more waste.” (is/was)

there is more waste
100

Complete: “If it rains tomorrow, we ___ (not go) to the beach.”

“If it rains tomorrow, we won’t go to the beach.”

100

What is the word for harmful gases in the air?

Air pollution

100

What is one cause of deforestation?

Cause of deforestation: logging (the activity of cutting down trees in order to use their wood ), agriculture, or urban expansion.

200

What’s the difference between “must” and “should”?

“Must” is stronger than “should.” Must implies a requirement, while should is a suggestion or advice.

200

What is the structure of the zero conditional? Give an example

Structure: If + present simple, present simple (e.g., "If we cut down trees, animals lose their homes").

200

Create a first conditional sentence about saving energy.

“If we use solar panels, we will save energy.”

200

Define "recycling."

Recycling is the process of converting waste materials into reusable items.

200

Complete with a cause expression: "___ we use too much plastic, there’s more waste.”

Because we use too much plastic, there’s more waste.

300

Create a sentence about reducing plastic using “have to.”

Sample Answer: “We have to reduce plastic usage if we want cleaner oceans.”

300

Create a zero conditional sentence about air pollution.

“If cars produce emissions, air quality declines.”

300

Explain what we use the first conditional for. 

The first conditional is used to talk about possible future events or actions and their likely outcomes.

300

Give a synonym for “conservation.”

Preservation

300

Create a consequence sentence using “so”: “We cut down trees, so…”

We cut down trees, so there is less oxygen in the air.”

400

Explain why you would use "can" or "cannot" when talking about pollution.

Can indicates ability or permission (e.g., "We can reduce pollution by recycling"), while cannot expresses restriction (e.g., "Factories cannot pollute without facing fines").

400

What do we use the zero conditional for?

Scientific facts, always get the same result

400

What’s the difference between the zero and first conditional?

Zero conditional is for facts/general truths (e.g., "If you heat ice, it melts"), while first conditional refers to real, specific future possibilities (e.g., "If it rains, we’ll stay inside").

400

Name three types of pollution.

Air, water, plastic

400

What is a consequence of climate change on sea levels?

Consequence: “Climate change causes sea levels to rise, which can lead to coastal flooding.”

500

Give an example using “might” and “must” to discuss animal conservation.

We might save endangered species if we protect their habitats, but we must act soon.”

500

If forests ___ down, animals ___ their homes.” (cut/lose)

If forests are cut down, animals lose their homes.

500

“If factories ___ (reduce) pollution, we ___ (have) cleaner air.”

“If factories reduce pollution, we will have cleaner air.”

500

Explain what “sustainable” means.

Sustainable means something that can be maintained or continued without depleting resources or causing severe ecological damage.

500

Use “because of” in a sentence about animal extinction.

Because of habitat destruction, many species face extinction.

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