Thinking
What is the name of Piaget's final stage of cognitive development that begins around age 12?
Formal Operational
What dilemma did Kohlberg use to study moral reasoning?
The Heinz Dilemma
Which psychologist coined the term "teenage storms"?
Elkind
What is the age range of adolescence?
11-18
Why are teens often resistant to rules?
They’re developing autonomy and critical reasoning.
In this stage, teens can think about hypothetical situations and reason like scientists
Abstract Reasoning
At the preconventional level, people focus on what?
Avoiding punishment or gaining rewards.
The belief that everyone is watching or judging you is called what?
Imaginary Audience
Name one of the three aspects of “storm and stress.”
Conflict, mood disruption, or risk-taking
What does Piaget’s theory suggest about how we can teach teens?
Engage them in debate, reasoning, and problem-solving.
Give an example of a "conservation" task that shows concrete operational thinking
Pouring water into a different-shaped glass but knowing the amount is the same.
At the conventional level, moral reasoning centers on what?
Following rules and maintaining social order.
The belief that one’s experiences are unique or heroic is known as what?
Personal Fable
Why are teens more prone to emotional intensity?
(I am not sure we went over this in class)
The limbic system matures faster than the prefrontal cortex.
How might understanding Kohlberg help with discipline?
Encourage moral reasoning, not just rule-following.
What kind of reasoning allows teens to form hypotheses and test ideas systematically?
Hypothetical-deductive reasoning
What is postconventional morality based on?
Personal moral principles that transcend laws.
The belief that one's actions are at the center of everyone else's consciousness
Adolescent Egocentrism
What factor increases a teen’s risk for emotional dysregulation in adulthood?
Unstable family environment or chronic stress
Give one example of how social media amplifies Elkind’s theories.
It heightens the imaginary audience effect.
According to Piaget, how does formal operational thought prepare teens for adulthood?
It allows reflection on values, long-term planning, and abstract moral thought.
Why did Kohlberg believe adolescence is key to moral development?
Because abstract reasoning enables higher levels of moral thought.
How can understanding Elkind’s theory help teachers, nurses, parents, or counselors?
It helps them respond empathetically to teens’ self-consciousness and emotions
What can buffer teens from emotional struggles and promote thriving?
Supportive relationships, identity formation, and purpose.
What advice could you give to help a teen manage “storm and stress”?
Validate emotions, encourage reflection, and model healthy coping.