Stages
How many stages of CTE are there?
4
At what stage do you start to lose focus?
Stage 1
No 😭
What is Goodale's first name?
Wrong, you shouldn't know that. +/-100 points
What repeated traumatic head injury leads to CTE?
Concussion
True or False:
The brain gains weight during stage 4
Fasle
The brain dramatically loses weight
Stage 4 has more severe symptoms of what stage?
Stage 3
How and when can you determine if CTE is present?
Only after death 💀 can you examine the brain tissue
Is CTE bad?
Yes, 100%, 1000%, duh, obviously!
What does CTE stand for?
Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy
In stage 1, tau protein is restricted to which part of the brain?
Frontal Cotex
At what stage should you get seen for your symptoms by a doctor?
Stage 1 or 2 (preferably 1)
What can you do to prevent further head trauma?
Use helmets, allow adequate time for recovery, and strengthen neck muscles.
What gender is CTE most common in?
Bonus: Name the 3 leading sports in CTE? (300)
Males
Football, Hockey, Boxing
What protein is abnormally built up in the brain?
Tau protein
What enlarges during stage 2 of CTE?
Ventricles
Name 2 stage 1 symptoms of CTE
short-term memory loss, mild aggression, depression, headaches, and loss of focus
What can you do to help manage CTE?
Medication for symptoms and cognitive physical therapy
Name 4 complications of CTE?
Dementia, Depression, Suicidal Thoughts, ALS
Disrupt neural communication and cause cell death
What key regions of the brain get affected during stage 3?
Hippocamous & Amygdala
During stage 3, you experience executive dysfunction. What is executive dysfunction?
An inability to complete activities that require time management, organization, and problem-solving
What do you look for when examining the brain?
Bonus: How do you detect the accumulation of tau protein in the brain?
Brain weight, enlarged ventricles, septal abnormalities, and brainstem darkness
Special Stains
What does ALS stand for?
Bonus: Name 3 symptoms of ALS
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
Motor neuron degeneration, muscle weakness, paralysis, and twitching. difficulty eating, breathing, and moving
Tau protein moves along the brain's neural network. What specific areas do these target?
Neurons and astrocytes