Innate & Adaptive Immunity
A nurse assesses a patient with a small cut that is warm, red, and swollen. Which innate process is responsible?
A. Complement activation
B. Inflammatory response
C. Adaptive immunity
D. Humoral immunity
B. Inflammatory response
A nurse is assessing a patient who developed hives and wheezing minutes after eating shellfish. Which hypersensitivity type is occurring?
Type I IgE‑mediated
A nurse is caring for a neutropenic patient with a fever of 101.8°F. Which action is most important?
Initiate reverse isolation and notify provider
A nurse is assessing a pregnant patient with fatigue and pica. Which lab result supports iron‑deficiency anemia?
Microcytic, hypochromic RBCs
MCV and MCHC is low
A nurse is assessing a patient whose leg appears smaller after 6 weeks in a cast. Which cellular adaptation occurred?
Atrophy
Which finding indicates complement activation during infection?
A. Decreased neutrophil activity
B. Enhanced phagocytosis and cell lysis
C. Suppressed inflammatory response
D. Increased B‑cell memory formation
B. Enhanced phagocytosis and cell lysis
A nurse is monitoring a patient who develops fever and back pain during a blood transfusion. Which mechanism explains this reaction?
D. IgG/IgM‑mediated RBC destruction
A nurse is assessing a teen with mononucleosis who reports left upper‑quadrant pain. Which complication is the nurse concerned about?
Splenic enlargement and risk of rupture
A nurse is assessing a patient with numbness and gait instability. Which deficiency causes these symptoms?
Vitamin B12 deficiency
A nurse is reviewing a diagnosis of benign prostatic hyperplasia. Which type of cellular adaptation is this?
Hormonal hyperplasia
A nurse is caring for a patient experiencing acute transplant rejection. Which immune component is primarily responsible?
A. B‑cell overactivation
B. IgE‑mediated response
C. Complement deficiency
D. Cytotoxic T‑cell attack on donor tissue
D. Cytotoxic T‑cell attack on donor tissue
A nurse is assessing a patient with lupus who reports joint pain and a facial rash. Which process is responsible?
Immune complex deposition causing inflammation
A nurse is reviewing biopsy results for a patient with suspected lymphoma. Which finding is specific to Hodgkin lymphoma?
Presence of Reed‑Sternberg cells
A nurse is reviewing labs for a patient with macrocytic anemia. Which finding differentiates folate deficiency from B12 deficiency?
Absence of neurological symptoms
A nurse is providing genetic counseling to a patient with Marfan syndrome. Which inheritance pattern applies?
50% chance
A nurse is reviewing the immune response after a patient receives a second vaccine dose. Which response is expected?
A. Slow antibody production
B. No immune response
C. Rapid antibody production from memory B cells
D. Increased neutrophil migration
C. Rapid antibody production from memory B cells
A nurse is evaluating a patient who developed redness and vesicles 48 hours after poison ivy exposure. Which mechanism is responsible?
Delayed T‑cell–mediated hypersensitivity
A nurse is reviewing labs for a patient with fatigue and frequent infections. Which result supports leukemia?
A. Elevated platelets
B. High mature neutrophils
C. Leukopenia with immature blast cells
D. Increased RBC count
Leukopenia with immature blast cells
A nurse is caring for a patient with petechiae and frequent infections. Which mechanism explains these symptoms?
Bone marrow failure causing pancytopenia
A nurse is reviewing newborn genetic results showing monosomy X. Which condition is expected?
Turner syndrome
A nurse is teaching a patient about interferons. Which statement demonstrates correct understanding?
A. “They kill infected cells directly.”
B. “They prevent viral replication in nearby uninfected cells.”
C. “They stimulate antibody production.”
D. “They activate complement proteins.”
B. “They prevent viral replication in nearby uninfected cells.”
A nurse is reviewing the chart of a patient who developed bronchospasm and hypotension after receiving IV penicillin. The provider documents “recurrent reactions with repeated exposure.” Which immunologic process is responsible?
Type I IgE‑mediated reaction
A nurse is assessing a patient with multiple myeloma who reports bone pain. Which additional finding is expected?
Hypercalcemia from bone destruction
A nurse is assessing a patient with suspected hemolytic anemia. The patient reports dark urine and jaundice. Which finding supports this diagnosis?
Elevated bilirubin levels
A nurse is reviewing genetic results for a child diagnosed with Fragile X syndrome. Which assessment finding is consistent with this disorder?
Long narrow face with large ears