DMDD
Which of the following symptoms are characteristic of depressive disorders?
A) Euphoria, grandiosity, hyperactivity
B) Sadness, emptiness, irritability, somatic concerns, impaired thoughts
C) Hyperactivity, distractibility, impulsivity
D) Delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech
Correct Answer: B) Sadness, emptiness, irritability, somatic concerns, impaired thoughts
In addition to a depressed mood, how many additional symptoms must be present for a diagnosis of persistent depressive disorder?
A) One
B) Two
C) Three
D) Four
Correct Answer: B) Two
Which term describes a markedly diminished interest or pleasure in all, or almost all, activities most of the day, nearly every day, in MDD?
A) Dysphoria
B) Anhedonia
C) Euphoria
D) Hyperthymia
Correct Answer: B) Anhedonia
Which population has the highest prevalence of depression according to the provided information?
A) Older adults over 65
B) Adolescents aged 12-17
C) Young adults aged 18-25
D) Middle-aged adults aged 40-55
Correct Answer: C) Young adults aged 18-25
Which of the following is a common behavior observed in patients with depression?
A) Increased energy and hyperactivity
B) Slowed movements and anergia
C) Excessive talking and socializing
D) Rapid decision making
Correct Answer: B) Slowed movements and anergia
A child with DMDD often has outbursts at home but not at school. Can this child be diagnosed with DMDD?
A) Yes, if the outbursts occur frequently enough at home
B) No, symptoms must be present in at least two settings
C) Yes, if the parents report the behavior accurately
D) No, symptoms must be present in only one setting
Correct Answer: B) No, symptoms must be present in at least two settings
Which population is most affected by Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD)?
A) Populations near the equator
B) Populations farthest from the equator
C) Urban populations
D) Rural populations
Correct Answer: B) Populations farthest from the equator
Feelings of worthlessness or excessive guilt in MDD can sometimes take the form of what?
A) Hallucinations
B) Delusions
C) Manic episodes
D) Panic attacks
Correct Answer: B) Delusions
Depression in older adults may resemble which condition?
A) Bipolar disorder
B) Neurocognitive disorder like Alzheimer’s
C) Schizophrenia
D) Anxiety disorder
Correct Answer: B) Neurocognitive disorder like Alzheimer’s
Patients with depression may exaggerate their perceived failures. What are they often unable to recognize?
A) Their strengths and successes
B) Their physical symptoms
C) The support from their family
D) The severity of their condition
Correct Answer: A) Their strengths and successes
Which of the following is a recommended intervention for parents of children with DMDD?
A) Ignoring all negative behaviors
B) Punishing every outburst
C) Parent training in how to interact with the child to predict or reduce aggression through rewarding appropriate behavior
D) Removing the child from all social interactions
Correct Answer: C) Parent training in how to interact with the child to predict or reduce aggression through rewarding appropriate behavior
Premenstrual dysphoric disorder symptoms typically decrease significantly with the onset of what?
A) Ovulation
B) Menstruation
C) Menopause
D) Pregnancy
Correct Answer: B) Menstruation
A patient is diagnosed with MDD. How many symptoms must be present, and for how long, to meet the diagnostic criteria?
A) 3 symptoms for at least 1 week
B) 5 or more symptoms for more than 2 weeks
C) 7 symptoms for at least 3 weeks
D) 4 or more symptoms for more than 1 month
Correct Answer: B) 5 or more symptoms for more than 2 weeks
What is the term for depression that mimics neurocognitive disorders in older adults but can be reversed with treatment?
A) Pseudodementia
B) Major depressive disorder
C) Chronic depression
D) Cognitive depression
Correct Answer: A) Pseudodementia
How does depression commonly affect sleep?
A) Increased need for sleep
B) Normal sleep patterns
C) Insomnia or hypersomnia
D) Short naps throughout the day
Correct Answer: C) Insomnia or hypersomnia
What unique therapeutic approach might be used to help children with DMDD recognize and interpret facial expressions?
A) Art therapy
B) Retraining about faces to recognize the emotions of others accurately
C) Play therapy
D) Reality orientation
Correct Answer: B) Retraining about faces to recognize the emotions of others accurately
What is a defining characteristic of substance-induced depressive disorder?
A) The person would not have had the diagnosis without the substance use or withdrawal
B) Symptoms improve with continued substance use
C) It only occurs with alcohol use
D) It requires long-term antidepressant treatment
Correct Answer: A) The person would not have had the diagnosis without the substance use or withdrawal
In MDD, how is a depressed mood typically described by patients?
A) Feelings of euphoria and grandiosity
B) Feelings of sadness, emptiness, and hopelessness
C) Increased social engagement and happiness
D) Feelings of anger and hostility
Correct Answer: B) Feelings of sadness, emptiness, and hopelessness
Which personality trait is associated with an increased risk of depression?
A) Extroversion
B) Neuroticism
C) Optimism
D) Altruism
Correct Answer: B) Neuroticism
Neuroticism (a negative personality trait characterized by anxiety, fear, moodiness, worry, envy, frustration, jealousy, and loneliness)
What should a nurse assess when identifying vegetative signs of depression?
A) Cognitive abilities
B) Social interactions
C) Activities supporting life and growth
D) Emotional responses
Correct Answer: C) Activities supporting life and growth
Which type of therapy is commonly used for children diagnosed with DMDD to help manage their symptoms?
A) Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)
B) Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT)
C) Group therapy
D) Hypnotherapy
Correct Answer: B) Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT)
Substance-induced depressive disorder symptoms must appear within what time frame following substance use?
A) 1 week
B) 1 month
C) 3 months
D) 6 months
Correct Answer: B) 1 month
What is a common outcome for patients with MDD if left untreated?
A) Complete spontaneous recovery
B) Chronic and recurring episodes
C) Immediate improvement
D) Development of manic episodes
Correct Answer: B) Chronic and recurring episodes
Depression and pain are reciprocal due to the shared neurotransmitters and nerve pathways. What implication does this have for patient care?
A) Treating pain will not affect depression
B) Treating depression may help alleviate pain
C) Pain and depression should be treated separately
D) Pain has no impact on depression
Correct Answer: B) Treating depression may help alleviate pain
Vegetative signs of depression may include changes in which of the following activities? (Select all that apply.)
A) Eating
B) Elimination
C) Sleeping
D) Sexual activity
E) Exercising
Correct Answers: A) Eating, B) Elimination, C) Sleeping, D) Sexual activity