Basic Chemistry
Clay Chemistry
Chemical Compounds
Rheology
Products
100

What is a Cation ?

A positively charged ion

100

What type of clay is MI-Gel ?

Sodium Montmorillonite

100

What is CaCO3

Calcium Carbonate - Inert Solid used for bridging, weight and LCM

100

What do we use a Fann 35 viscometer for ?

6 speed readings and Gel strengths

100

What would I use barite for ?

Increasing fluid density

200

What ions do acids add to a solution ?

H+

200

For charged layered clays, the large basal plains carry which type of charge?

Negative

200

What is NaOH ?

Caustic Soda (Sodium Hydroxide)

200

What is the definition of plastic viscosity ?

Resistance to flow of a fluid due to mechanical or frictional forces

200

What would I use PolyPAC UL for ?

Reduce fluid loss in wbm

300

What is "hard" water ?

Water with a high concentration of Mg++ and Ca++ ions

300

T or F. Illites and chlorites are highly swelling clays ?

False. They are minimally swelling but are prone to fracturing and dispersion

300

What is NaHCO3 ?

Sodium Bicarbonate

300

What is the definition of Yield Point ?

Resistance to flow of a fluid due to electrochemical forces

300

What would I use Duovis for ?

Low Shear Rate Viscosifier

400

Which 3 ions do the alkalinity tests check for ?

OH-, CO3--, HCO3-

400

Name the 4 states of clay

Aggregated, Dispersed, Flocculated, Deflocculated

400

What is Na2CO3 ?

Soda Ash (Sodium Carbonate)

400

At what time intervals do we measure gel strengths and which type of gel strength is preferable ?

10s, 10m, 30m

Fragile

400

What would I use Caustic Soda for ?

Increase pH in wbm

500

What is meant by the term "divalent cation" ?

A double positively charged ion (such as Ca++)

500

What does CEC stand for and what does it represent?

Cationic exchange capacity. Determines the reactivity of the clay based on the amount of cations it has available for exchange.

500

What is Ca(OH)?

Lime (Calcium Hydroxide)

500

Which viscosity type do we pay the most attention to with regard to hole cleaning ?

LSRV - Low Shear Rate Viscosity

LSRYP - Low Shear Rate Yield Point

500

What would I use Gypsum for ?

CO2 treatment or to add Ca++

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