All The Things
What is the term for the muscular contractions that move food through the digestive tract?
Peristalsis
What is the role of the salivary glands in digestion?
Moisten the food and have enzymes that help to begin the process of food breakdown.
What is the primary function of the kidneys?
Filter urine
True or False: The small intestine is about 15-20 feet long when stretched out.
True
What are the basic functional units of the kidney called?
Nephrons
Identify the part of the digestive system where most nutrient absorption occurs.
Small intestine
After food has been broken down in the stomach, what do we call the creamy substance that is ready to move to our small intestine?
Chyme
What is the role of the urethra?
Move urine from the bladder out of the body.
What do bacteria in the large intestine help us absorb?
Small amount of nutrients
What is the main waste product excreted in urine?
Urea
What are the finger-like projections in the small intestine called that increase surface area for absorption?
villi
Explain the function of rugae in the stomach.
Allow for the stomach to expand and contract based on the amount of food that is in it.
Define micturition.
voiding of the baldder
What is the by-product of digestion from bacteria in the large intestine?
Gas
How do the kidneys help maintain blood pH?
Reabsorption of Bicarbonate (HCO₃⁻): The kidneys reabsorb bicarbonate, an important buffer, back into the blood. Bicarbonate neutralizes acids in the blood, helping to maintain a stable pH.
Excretion of Hydrogen Ions (H⁺): The kidneys excrete excess hydrogen ions into the urine, which reduces the acidity of the blood.
Describe the pathway of urine from the kidneys to its exit from the body.
From the kidneys, through the ureters, to the bladder, and out the urethra.
What percentage of digestion occurs in the small intestine?
90%
How does the body maintain water balance through the kidneys?
Our brain tells our bodies when we need more water absorbed from our kidneys, ADH plays a role in this.
When ADH is released, our body knows to absorb more water.
How does caffeine affect urine production?
Inhibits the hormone ADH, then our body doesn't absorb as much water
What happens during filtration in the nephron?
Filter the good from the bad, reabsorb the good (water electrolytes), secrete the bad (nitrogen and hydrogen ions).
What is the main function of the liver in the digestive system?
To produce bile, which helps break down fat.
Where is the majority of water absorbed in our digestive system?
Large intestine
What hormone is responsible for regulating water balance in the body?
ADH
Antidiuretic hormone
(anti)- against
(diuresis)- flow of urine
What unusual effect can excessive alcohol consumption have on the kidneys?
renal failure, kidneys stop functioning
What was the original song title, for the urinary system sonf in class.
Thrift Shop