GI Tract
Liver, Gallbladder & Pancreas
Diabetes Mellitus
Metabolic Stress
Cardiopulmonary Disease
100

A patient diagnosed with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is advised to make dietary changes. Which food should the patient avoid?

A) Baked chicken

B) Whole grain pasta

C) Chocolate

D) Carrots

Answer: C) Chocolate

Rationale: Foods like chocolate, peppermint, and high-fat meals can weaken the lower esophageal sphincter, exacerbating GERD symptoms.

100

Which dietary recommendation should be made for a patient with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)?

A) Increase high-fat, high-protein foods

B) Focus on weight loss and limit intake of high-sugar foods

C) Consume a diet high in simple carbohydrates

D) Increase consumption of alcohol in moderation

Answer: B) Focus on weight loss and limit intake of high-sugar foods

Rationale: Weight loss and limiting high-sugar foods are essential dietary interventions for managing NAFLD, as they reduce fat accumulation in the liver.

100

Which of the following is the primary dietary intervention for a patient with type 1 diabetes mellitus?

A) Low-fat, high-protein diet

B) Carbohydrate counting with focus on complex carbohydrates

C) Low-protein, high-fat diet

D) Restriction of all carbohydrates

Answer: B) Carbohydrate counting with focus on complex carbohydrates

Rationale: Managing carbohydrate intake, especially complex carbohydrates, is essential in type 1 diabetes to control blood glucose levels

100

Which of the following nutritional interventions is most appropriate for a patient experiencing metabolic stress due to trauma?

A) Increase intake of simple carbohydrates and fat

B) Increase protein, calorie, and micronutrient intake

C) Reduce calorie intake to prevent weight gain

D) Avoid all supplements to prevent toxicity

Answer: B) Increase protein, calorie, and micronutrient intake

Rationale: During metabolic stress, the body’s demand for protein, calories, vitamins, and minerals increases to support tissue repair and immune function

100

Which dietary modification is recommended for a patient with coronary artery disease (CAD) to help prevent further disease progression?

A) Increase sodium intake

B) Increase intake of saturated fats

C) Follow a Mediterranean or DASH diet

D) Consume a high-protein, low-fat diet

Answer: C) Follow a Mediterranean or DASH diet

Rationale: The Mediterranean and DASH diets are recommended to help prevent heart disease by emphasizing fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and healthy fats while reducing sodium and saturated fats

200

Which nursing intervention is most appropriate for a patient with dysphagia during mealtime?

A) Encourage the patient to drink large amounts of water during the meal

B) Feed the patient thin liquids to prevent choking

C) Provide thickened liquids and assist with feeding as needed

D) Offer food that requires chewing to increase swallowing reflex

Answer: C) Provide thickened liquids and assist with feeding as needed

Rationale: Thickened liquids reduce the risk of aspiration in patients with dysphagia, and assistance may be needed to ensure safe swallowing.

200

Which of the following dietary modifications would be most beneficial for a patient with cholelithiasis (gallstones)?

A) Increase intake of saturated fats

B) Decrease fiber intake

C) Increase fiber and decrease saturated fats and cholesterol

D) Increase calcium and vitamin D intake

Answer: C) Increase fiber and decrease saturated fats and cholesterol

Rationale: Increasing fiber and reducing saturated fats and cholesterol are key dietary strategies to prevent and manage gallstones (cholelithiasis).

200

What is the most important nutritional recommendation for a patient with type 2 diabetes mellitus who is overweight?

A) Reduce fat intake and increase physical activity

B) Increase fat intake to maintain energy

C) Eliminate all carbohydrates from the diet

D) Increase sodium intake to prevent dehydration

Answer: A) Reduce fat intake and increase physical activity

Rationale: Weight loss through reduced fat intake and increased physical activity improves insulin sensitivity and helps manage type 2 diabetes

200

Which vitamin is essential for tissue repair in patients undergoing metabolic stress?

 A) Vitamin A

 B) Vitamin B12

 C) Vitamin C

 D) Vitamin D

Answer: C) Vitamin C

Rationale: Vitamin C is important for collagen formation and tissue repair, making it crucial in the recovery of patients experiencing metabolic stress

200

Which of the following dietary interventions is most appropriate for a patient with congestive heart failure (CHF)?

A) Increase sodium intake to maintain fluid balance

B) Restrict fluid and sodium intake to prevent fluid retention

C) Encourage a high-fat diet to reduce fluid overload

D) Increase potassium intake to prevent dehydration

Answer: B) Restrict fluid and sodium intake to prevent fluid retention

Rationale: Fluid and sodium restriction helps prevent fluid overload and edema in patients with CHF, reducing the burden on the heart

300

Which of the following dietary modifications would help prevent symptoms in a patient diagnosed with dumping syndrome?

A) Increase intake of simple carbohydrates and drink fluids with meals

B) Reduce intake of simple carbohydrates and consume small, frequent meals

C) Increase intake of high-fiber foods and eat large meals

D) Avoid fats and proteins and drink fluids with meals

Answer: B) Reduce intake of simple carbohydrates and consume small, frequent meals

Rationale: Patients with dumping syndrome should avoid simple carbohydrates, consume small frequent meals, and drink fluids between meals to manage symptoms

300

A patient with cirrhosis is experiencing ascites. Which of the following dietary interventions should the nurse anticipate?

A) Fluid and sodium restriction

B) High-protein, high-fat diet

C) Increased potassium intake

D) High-sodium, low-protein diet

Answer: A) Fluid and sodium restriction

Rationale: Fluid and sodium restriction help manage ascites by reducing fluid retention in patients with cirrhosis.

300

Which of the following is the best method for preventing hypoglycemia in a patient with diabetes mellitus?

A) Consuming a high-protein diet

B) Skipping meals if blood glucose is low

C) Timing meals and snacks appropriately with insulin administration

D) Increasing simple sugar intake during every meal

Answer: C) Timing meals and snacks appropriately with insulin administration

Rationale: Proper timing of meals and snacks in relation to insulin administration is crucial to prevent hypoglycemia in patients with diabetes

300

A patient is experiencing metabolic stress from starvation. Which metabolic change is expected in this condition?

A) Hypermetabolism

B) Hypometabolism

C) Increased muscle mass

D) Increased fat stores

Answer: B) Hypometabolism

Rationale: In starvation, the basal metabolic rate (BMR) slows down, leading to hypometabolism as the body tries to conserve energy

300

A patient with hypertension is advised to limit which of the following dietary components to help control blood pressure?

A) Potassium

B) Sodium

C) Fiber

D) Protein

Answer: B) Sodium

Rationale: Limiting sodium intake is essential for controlling blood pressure in patients with hypertension, as high sodium levels contribute to fluid retention and increased blood pressure

400

A patient with celiac disease is being educated on dietary restrictions. Which of the following foods should the patient avoid?

A) Rice and corn

B) Wheat and barley

C) Potatoes and quinoa

D) Eggs and dairy

Answer: B) Wheat and barley

Rationale: Celiac disease requires the patient to avoid gluten, which is found in wheat, rye, and barley.

400

For a patient diagnosed with pancreatitis, the nurse should recommend which of the following dietary interventions?

A) Increase alcohol intake to stimulate digestion

B) Decrease fat intake and avoid alcohol

C) Increase intake of simple carbohydrates

D) High-fat, low-protein diet

Answer: B) Decrease fat intake and avoid alcohol

Rationale: In pancreatitis, avoiding alcohol and reducing fat intake are critical to prevent further damage to the pancreas and manage symptoms

400

Which of the following should be monitored regularly in a patient with diabetes to assess long-term blood glucose control?

A) Fasting lipid panel

B) Hemoglobin A1c levels

C) Serum potassium levels

D) White blood cell count

Answer: B) Hemoglobin A1c levels

Rationale: Hemoglobin A1c measures average blood glucose levels over the past 2-3 months and is a key marker of long-term glucose control in diabetes

400

Which of the following is a primary goal of nutritional therapy for a patient under metabolic stress?

A) Prevent dehydration by restricting fluids

B) Promote weight loss to reduce metabolic demands

C) Correct preexisting nutritional deficiencies

D) Decrease protein intake to reduce kidney workload

Answer: C) Correct preexisting nutritional deficiencies

Rationale: One of the key goals of nutritional therapy in metabolic stress is to detect and correct any preexisting nutritional deficiencies to promote recovery and prevent further decline

400

For a patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), which nutritional intervention should the nurse prioritize?

A) Encourage a high-calorie, high-protein diet

B) Restrict calories to promote weight loss

C) Provide a high-carbohydrate, low-protein diet

D) Encourage large meals to increase calorie intake

Answer: A) Encourage a high-calorie, high-protein diet

Rationale: COPD patients often experience malnutrition due to increased energy expenditure from labored breathing. A high-calorie, high-protein diet helps maintain nutritional status and muscle mass

500

What is a key nursing intervention for preventing dehydration in a patient experiencing vomiting?

A) Provide large meals with extra fluids

B) Administer ice chips and encourage small sips of water

C) Encourage the patient to drink fruit juices during meals

D) Restrict fluids to prevent further vomiting

Answer: B) Administer ice chips and encourage small sips of water

Rationale: To prevent dehydration, patients who are vomiting should be given ice chips or small amounts of water gradually to maintain hydration.

500

Which of the following is an appropriate nutritional intervention for a patient with hepatitis?

A) Encourage a high-fat diet to reduce inflammation

B) Provide a diet low in calories and protein

C) Ensure proper food hygiene to prevent further infection

D) Restrict fluid intake to prevent edema

Answer: C) Ensure proper food hygiene to prevent further infection

Rationale: Proper food hygiene is crucial in preventing infections such as hepatitis A and E, which can be spread through contaminated food and water

500

For a patient with diabetes mellitus, the nurse should teach which of the following dietary guidelines to manage blood glucose levels effectively?

A) Eat three large meals per day

B) Avoid all types of carbohydrates

C) Focus on complex carbohydrates and monitor portion sizes

 D) Increase consumption of simple sugars

Answer: C) Focus on complex carbohydrates and monitor portion sizes

Rationale: Consuming complex carbohydrates and controlling portion sizes help stabilize blood glucose levels and prevent spikes in patients with diabetes

500

A nurse is caring for a patient with severe burns. Which dietary recommendation is most important to support recovery during metabolic stress?

A) Low-calorie, low-protein diet

B) High-calorie, high-protein diet with micronutrient supplements

C) High-fat, low-protein diet

D) Reduced carbohydrate intake to control blood sugar

Answer: B) High-calorie, high-protein diet with micronutrient supplements

Rationale: A high-calorie, high-protein diet is essential to support wound healing and tissue repair in patients experiencing metabolic stress from severe burns

500

Which dietary consideration is important for a patient on warfarin therapy to prevent potential complications?

A) Increase intake of leafy green vegetables

B) Maintain a consistent intake of vitamin K-rich foods

C) Increase intake of vitamin C-rich foods

D) Eliminate all sources of vitamin K from the diet

Answer: B) Maintain a consistent intake of vitamin K-rich foods

Rationale: Consistency in vitamin K intake is essential for patients on warfarin, as fluctuations in vitamin K levels can affect the drug’s anticoagulant efficacy

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