Cardiac anatomy
What are the three components that make up the circulatory system?
Heart, blood vessels and blood
Which ribs require a high mechanism trauma to cause injury?
Ribs 1 and 2
Poor perfusion is the summarized definition of what?
shock
Which part of the brainstem controls all of our autonomic functions?
Medulla
Chest pain that is not relieved by medication, rest and lasts longer than 20 minutes would be called what?
Unstable angina
Coronary arteries
You respond to the report of a snow mobile injury. Upon arrival, a 36 y/o male was found supine, altered with difficulty breathing. He is pale, clammy and has paradoxical movement on the right side from ribs 4-6. What likely is going on?
If a patient, who is showing signs of shock, complains of a sudden onset of dyspnea, was recently put on a new birth control and is a smoker, what type of shock are they in?
obstructive
What are the four levels of protection in order?
1. Bone, 2. Meninges, 3.CSF, 4. Blood brain barriers
The main contributor to ACS is what?
Atherosclerosis
Daily triple!!! A QRS measuring 0.12 seconds would be considered what?
Wide
Spontaneous pneumothorax
Lactic acid is the byproduct of what type of metabolism?
Anaerobic
What are the star shaped glial cells that line the blood brain barrier?
astrocytes
A 63 y/o female complains of nausea and epigastric pain that feels like acid reflux. She tells you that she only has a history of hypertension, which is poorly controlled. She is pale and clammy. What likely is going on?
Which electrolyte is required to remove the tropomyosin, allowing for the actin to bind to the myosin, thus causing a muscle to contract?
Calcium
Narrowing pulse pressure, muffled heart tones, and JVD. Indicates pericardial tamponade
What are the four subtypes of distributive shock?
Anaphylactic, neurogenic, psychogenic and septic
What is CN1?
olfactory nerve
A patient complains of dizziness pain in their leg. Upon assessment, you find the leg to be hot to the touch, pinkish discoloration and swollen. She denies any recent trauma but explains that it became that was after being less mobile secondary to a recent back surgery. What likely is going on?
DVT: Deep vein thrombosis
DAILY DOUBLE!! Which specific coronary artery feeds the septal portion of the myocardium?
LAD: Left anterior descending coronary artery
You have a patient who was hit by a car. They are unresponsive, have unilateral chest rise and fall, flattened neck veins, crepitus to the sternum and multiple ribs bilaterally, and major facial and chest trauma. The patient is breathing about 5 times/min with shallow respirations. What is likely going on?
Ribs/sternal fracture with hemothorax
How do inotropic agents affect the heart muscle?
They control the force of contraction
Which type of blood vessels sit in the pia mater?
Large arteries
SVT: Supraventricular tachycardia