DNA
Is DNA single or double stranded?
Double stranded
Is RNA single or double stranded?
Who used X-ray diffraction to study DNA?
Rosalind Franklin
How many bases make up a codon reading?
3
Yes or no....does a mutation always change the codon?
No, some amino acids have multiple codons that encode for them
What is the main job of DNA?
store genetic information
What is the sugar found in RNA?
ribose
What is Chargraff's rule?
A = T
C = G
How do you read a codon chart?
Start in the middle of the circle and move outward
What is a mutagen?
chemical or physical agent in the environment
In which direction do the two strands of DNA run?
Opposite directions
What nucleotide does RNA have that DNA does not? What does it bind to?
Uracil - binds to adenine
Who discovered that DNA had the shape of a double helix?
Watson and Crick
Which codon serves as the "start" codon for protein synthesis?
AUG or Methionine
What type of mutation is present below?
1st sequence - CCGGTAGCTAC
2nd sequence - CCGGTAGTACG
Deletion
What binds the nitrogenous bases together in DNA?
Hydrogen bonds
What are the three main types of RNA
mRNA, tRNA, rRNA
What was Frederick Griffith's main discovery with his mice/pneumonia experiment?
Transformation = a transforming material passed from the deadly S bacteria to live R bacteria, making it deadly
What directs the translation process?
transcribed mRNA
What are the 3 types of substitution-point mutations?
Principal enzyme involved in DNA replication. It "proofreads" each new strand of DNA
During RNA synthesis, which part of the strand is being removed before the following pieces are spliced together?
Introns
Why did Hershey and Chase use the isotopes phosphorus-32 and sulfur-35 for their experiment?
Because proteins contain almost no phosphorus and DNA contains almost no sulfur. Therefore, these isotopes served as markers to tell which molecules entered the bacteria
What are the roles of mRNA, tRNA, and rRNA?
mRNA = carries instructions for polypeptide synthesis from nucleus to ribosomes
tRNA = carries amino acids to the ribosome and matches them to the coded mRNA message
rRNA = forms an important part of both subunits of the ribosome
deletion, duplication, insertion, translocation